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In addition, glutamine may reduce symptom scores of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) alongside a low-FODMAP diet. [6] Glutamine was found to have no significant effect in the context of Crohn’s disease, though sample sizes were small. [7] [8] [9] [10] An early study of endurance athletes (marathoners and ultra-marathoners) reported that taking 5 grams of glutamine right after an athletic event and 2 hours later significantly reduced the occurrence of infections over the following week. [25] Specifically, 19% of the glutamine group reported illness, compared to half of the placebo group. Sands S, Ladas EJ, Kelly KM, Weiner M, Lin M, Ndao DH, et al. Glutamine for the treatment of vincristine-induced neuropathy in children and adolescents with cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2017;25(3):701-708. doi: 10.1007/s00520-016-3441-6. View abstract.

Sykorova, A., Horacek, J., Zak, P., Kmonicek, M., Bukac, J., and Maly, J. A randomized, double blind comparative study of prophylactic parenteral nutritional support with or without glutamine in autologous stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies -- three years' follow-up. Neoplasma 2005;52(6):476-482. View abstract. Rohde T, MacLean DA, Pedersen BK. Effect of glutamine supplementation on changes in the immune system induced by repeated exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:856-62.. View abstract. de Kieviet JF, Oosterlaan J, van Zwol A, Boehm G, Lafeber HN, van Elburg RM. Effects of neonatal enteral glutamine supplementation on cognitive, motor and behavioural outcomes in very preterm and/or very low birth weight children at school age. Br J Nutr. 2012 Dec 28;108(12):2215-20. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512000293. View abstract. Monteiro FR, Roseira T, Amaral JB, et al. Combined Exercise Training and l-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses after Influenza Virus Vaccination in Elderly Subjects. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(4):685. View abstract. M'bemba, J., Cynober, L., de, Bandt P., Taverna, M., Chevalier, A., Bardin, C., Slama, G., and Selam, J. L. Effects of dipeptide administration on hypoglycaemic counterregulation in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2003;29(4 Pt 1):412-417. View abstract.

Daniele B, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Oral glutamine in the prevention of fluorouracil induced intestinal toxicity: a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised trial. Gut 2001;48:28-33.. View abstract. Klek, S., Kulig, J., Szczepanik, A. M., Jedrys, J., and Kolodziejczyk, P. The clinical value of parenteral immunonutrition in surgical patients. Acta Chir Belg. 2005;105(2):175-179. View abstract. Fillmann, H.; Kretzmann, N.A.; San-Miguel, B.; Llesuy, S.; Marroni, N.; González-Gallego, J.; Tunón, M.J. Glutamine inhibits over-expression of pro-inflammatory genes and down-regulates the nuclear factor kappaB pathway in an experimental model of colitis in the rat. Toxicology 2007, 236, 217–226. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]Vicario, M., Amat, C., Rivero, M., Moreto, M., and Pelegri, C. Dietary glutamine affects mucosal functions in rats with mild DSS-induced colitis. J Nutr. 2007;137(8):1931-1937. View abstract. Albers, S., Wernerman, J., Stehle, P., Vinnars, E., and Furst, P. Availability of amino acids supplied intravenously in healthy man as synthetic dipeptides: kinetic evaluation of L-alanyl-L-glutamine and glycyl-L-tyrosine. Clin.Sci.(Lond) 1988;75(5):463-468. View abstract. Hasani M, Mansour A, Asayesh H, et al. Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021;21(1):190. View abstract.