Papaefstathiou, E.; Agapiou, A.; Giannopoulos, S.; Kokkinofta, R. Nutritional Characterization of Carobs and Traditional Carob Products. Food Sci. Nutr. 2018, 6, 2151–2161. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Carob products consumed by humans come from the dried, sometimes roasted, pod, which has two main parts: the pulp accounts for 90% and the seeds 10% by weight. [19] [35] Carob pulp is sold either as flour or "chunks". [35] The flour of the carob embryo (seed) can also be used for human and animal nutrition, [19] but the seed is often separated before making carob powder (see section on locust bean gum below). Oziyci, H.R.; Tetik, N.; Turhan, I.; Yatmaz, E.; Ucgun, K.; Akgul, H.; Gubbuk, H.; Karhan, M. Mineral Composition of Pods and Seeds of Wild and Grafted Carob ( Ceratonia Siliqua L.) Fruits. Sci. Hortic. 2014, 167, 149–152. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Furan in Food—EFSA Confirms Health Concerns. 2017. Available online: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/171025 (accessed on 10 December 2020). Carob pods are about 1/3 to 1/2 sugar by weight, and this sugar can be extracted into a syrup. [49] In Malta, a carob syrup ( ġulepp tal-ħarrub) is made out of the pods. Carob syrup is also used in Crete, [50] and Cyprus exports it. [51] Viruel, J.; Le Galliot, N.; Pironon, S.; Nieto Feliner, G.; Suc, J.-P.; Lakhal-Mirleau, F.; Juin, M.; Selva, M.; Bou Dagher Kharrat, M.; Ouahmane, L.; et al. A Strong East—West Mediterranean Divergence Supports a New Phylogeographic History of the Carob Tree ( Ceratonia Siliqua Leguminosae) and Multiple Domestications From Native Populations. J. Biogeogr. 2020, 47, 460–471. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] The various trees known as algarrobo in Latin America ( Samanea saman in Cuba, Prosopis pallida in Peru, and four species of Prosopis in Argentina and Paraguay) belong to a different subfamily of the Fabaceae: Mimosoideae. Early Spanish settlers named them algarrobo after the carob tree because they also produce pods with sweet pulp. [25] Ecology [ edit ] Ripe carob fruit pods on the tree http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983Zunft, H.; Lüder, W.; Harde, A.; Haber, B.; Graubaum, H.J.; Gruenwald, J. Carob Pulp Preparation for Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia. Adv. Ther. 2001, 18, 230–236. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed] Dog Treats: If you like to dote on your dogs, make something more special than plain biscuits, such as Woofie Pies, modeled after the chocolate and vanilla cake sandwiches typically known as whoopie pies. Dog treats are actually a good use for carob, as it’s widely accepted that chocolate isn’t good for dogs.

Eurostat. Over Half of Adults in the EU Are Overweight. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20210721-2 (accessed on 21 July 2021).

Schieberle, P.; Grosch, W. Potent odorants of rye bread crust—Differences from the crumb and from wheat bread crust. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 1994, 198, 292–296. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Little, Elbert L. (1994) [1980]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region (Chanticleer Pressed.). Knopf. p.488. ISBN 0394507614. Hwalla, N.; Jaafar, Z. Dietary Management of Obesity: A Review of the Evidence. Diagnostics 2020, 11, 24. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]

Gotfredsen E. "Leucodelphinidin". Liber Herbarum Minor (English): The incomplete reference-guide to Herbal medicine. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31 . Retrieved 2017-07-31. Loullis, A.; Pinakoulaki, E. Carob as Cocoa Substitute: A Review on Composition, Health Benefits and Food Applications. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2018, 244, 959–977. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] The carat, a unit of mass for gemstones, and a measurement of purity for gold, takes its name via the Arabic qīrāṭ from the Greek name for the carob seed κεράτιον (lit. "small horn"). [16] [17] [18] Distribution and habitat [ edit ]Martins, V.; Dias, C.; Caldeira, J.; Duarte, L.C.; Reis, A.; da Silva, T.L. Carob Pulp Syrup: A Potential Mediterranean Carbon Source for Carotenoids Production by Rhodosporidium Toruloides NCYC 921. Bioresour. Technol. Rep. 2018, 3, 177–184. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] Friel, S.; Bowen, K.; Campbell-Lendrum, D.; Frumkin, H.; McMichael, A.J.; Rasanathan, K. Climate Change, Noncommunicable Diseases, and Development: The Relationships and Common Policy Opportunities. Annu. Rev. Public Health 2011, 32, 133–147. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] Aromatic compounds detected in commercial wheat flour and in different blends of wheat flour and carob powder (from pod and/or seed, sundried, ground, and sieved to obtain a defined particle size). Volatile Compounds (%) Carob Shake: For 2 servings, combine in the container of a food processor or blender 1 cup plant-based milk, 2 tablespoons carob powder, 3 or 4 ice cubes, and agave or maple syrup (or try the less common barley malt syrup, which really makes it a “malted”) to taste. Process until frothy for a delicious and refreshing drink. You could also take this opportunity to sneak in an extra serving of fresh spinach, like in this Carob Green Smoothie. Historically, carob pods were mainly used for animal fodder in the Maltese Islands, apart from times of famine or war, when they formed part of the diet of many Maltese people. On the Iberian Peninsula, carob pods were historically fed to donkeys.