Color broadcasts started at similar line counts, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines per frame. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the monochrome 625-line broadcasts. Initially the existing 5:3 aspect ratio had been the main candidate but, due to the influence of widescreen cinema, the aspect ratio 16:9 (1.78) eventually emerged as being a reasonable compromise between 5:3 (1.67) and the common 1.85 widescreen cinema format. An aspect ratio of 16:9 was duly agreed upon at the first meeting of the IWP11/6 working party at the BBC's Research and Development establishment in Kingswood Warren. The resulting ITU-R Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-2 (" Rec. 709") includes the 16:9 aspect ratio, a specified colorimetry, and the scan modes 1080i (1,080 actively interlaced lines of resolution) and 1080p (1,080 progressively scanned lines). The British Freeview HD trials used MBAFF, which contains both progressive and interlaced content in the same encoding. [ citation needed] Moiraine, a member of the Aes Sedai, a mystical, all-female society, takes five young people from their little hamlet on a risky quest. She believes that one of them is a strong kid who, as the Dragon's reincarnation, has been granted prophecy powers that might rescue the planet (or destroy it). The program, based on the Robert Jordan novel series of the same name, was renewed for a second season ahead of the release of the first, with the spectacular graphics and intense action one would expect from a show in the epic fantasy genre. DVB created first the standard for DVB-S digital satellite TV, DVB-C digital cable TV and DVB-T digital terrestrial TV. These broadcasting systems can be used for both SDTV and HDTV. In the US the Grand Alliance proposed ATSC as the new standard for SDTV and HDTV. Both ATSC and DVB were based on the MPEG-2 standard, although DVB systems may also be used to transmit video using the newer and more efficient H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standards. Common for all DVB standards is the use of highly efficient modulation techniques for further reducing bandwidth, and foremost for reducing receiver-hardware and antenna requirements. [ citation needed] Standard HDTV resolution, used by full HD and HD ready 1080p TV displays such as high-end LCD, plasma and rear projection TVs, and a typical PC resolution (lower than WUXGA); also used for 1125-line video, as defined in SMPTE 274M, ATSC A/53, ITU-R BT.709;

Barbero, M.; Stroppiana, M. (October 1992). "Data compression for HDTV transmission and distribution". IEE Colloquium on Applications of Video Compression in Broadcasting: 10/1–10/5. The Evolution of TV – A Brief History of TV Technology in Japan". www.nhk.or.jp. Archived from the original on 2019-08-25 . Retrieved 2018-05-26. Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector ( ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. [33] In anticipation of these standards, the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed. It was alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI. [34] Upload is set in 2033 when moribund people can choose to be "uploaded" into virtual reality afterlives. Six tech companies are in charge of these virtual afterlives, resulting in a new form of a corporate battle over human mortality. Nathan's (Robbie Amell) self-driving automobile crashes in Los Angeles, and his lover transfers him into the opulent Lakeview digital afterlife. There, he meets Nora, a Lakeview customer service worker who welcomes Nathan to his idea of paradise. The story chronicles their friendship as Nathan adjusts to life away from his loved ones, while Nora juggles her virtual Nathan connection with her real-world financial and personal problems.

If you’re looking for a laugh, there are plenty of great comedy series on offer, such as classic sitcoms like Friends or New Girl. Other great comedy series include Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s mercilessly funny Fleabag, Issa Rae’s free web series turned HBO comedy-drama Insecure, and the mother of cringe-comedy The Office. Between 1988 and 1991, several European organizations were working on discrete cosine transform (DCT) based digital video coding standards for both SDTV and HDTV. The EU 256 project by the CMTT and ETSI, along with research by Italian broadcaster RAI, developed a DCT video codec that broadcast near-studio-quality HDTV transmission at about 70–140 Mbit/s. [25] [42] The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when RAI broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup using several experimental HDTV technologies, including the digital DCT-based EU 256 codec, [25] the mixed analog-digital HD-MAC technology, and the analog MUSE technology. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy, where the tournament was played, and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite link from Rome to Barcelona and then with a fiber optic connection from Barcelona to Madrid. [43] [44] After some HDTV transmissions in Europe, the standard was abandoned in 1993, to be replaced by a digital format from DVB. [45]

In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over-the-air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner via a TV aerial. Laws prohibit homeowners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas. [ citation needed] Cianci, Philip J. (2012). High Definition Television. NC, US: McFarland. pp.1–25. ISBN 978-0-7864-4975-0. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15 . Retrieved 2018-12-12. The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source. Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate. High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology by Philip J. Cianci (McFarland & Company, 2012)Researchers Craft HDTV's Successor". 2007-05-28. Archived from the original on 2008-04-30 . Retrieved 2007-05-29. a b Albiniak, Paige (1998-11-02). "HDTV: Launched and Counting". Broadcasting and cable. BNET. Archived from the original on 2014-09-24 . Retrieved 2008-10-24. In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983. a b Cianci, Philip J. (2014). High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology. McFarland. p.63. ISBN 9780786487974.