Marcus’ mother, Mary Smith, said she does not believe police intended to kill her son. They were negligent, treated her son like a throwaway, she said, and should be convicted of manslaughter. For two years, officials have fought the case vigorously and have denied wrongdoing or a cover-up in court filings and in depositions. They have argued that the restraint was appropriate in light of the safety risk Smith posed to himself or others. Subjects were placed in either an upright or prone hobble restraint with significant results corresponding to the prone group. Looks like spirometry results likely clinically irrelevant here.

Smith's friends and family were suspicious. Marcus was homeless and struggled with substance abuse, but they knew him as unfailingly polite and upbeat. Nine days after his death, an outreach worker for the homeless wrote Scott and the city council and asked "how such a beautiful life could come to such an abrupt end." The letter requested the public release of body camera video and all pertinent information, and said, "Chief Scott, we need answers." Body camera footage shows that they carried her out by her arms and shoulders and put her in a police vehicle and then on the front lawn. They eventually removed the restraints and took her to jail. An officer said in the police report that he heard a "pop" from Peoples' shoulder and that she was taken to the hospital. Peoples says her arm was dislocated. It also has been suggested that under situations of high physical exertion, oxygen consumption may exceed ventilatory capacity in some individuals. 27 In another component of their 2007 paper, Michalewicz measured oxygen consumption (VO2) and minute ventilation (Ve) in subjects in the PMRP after a simulated struggle. 18 The values found were less than 42% of the peak values generated during a baseline maximum exertion treadmill test. The study thus concluded that factors other than ventilatory failure likely lead to fatality in restraint incidents. The authors did concede that the simulated struggle was on a voluntary basis in healthy subjects not under the influence of illicit substances but were confident that their increased heart rate reflected adequate exertion from which to draw conclusions. In 2008, Krauskopf examined IVC diameter via ultrasound in prone subjects with weight up to 25kg placed on the lower torso. 24 The study showed that weight force applied to the lower torso leads to significant decreases in diameter and maximum blood flow in the IVC and minimal decreases in cardiac index and output. Other cardiac parameters were not affected, and the authors suggested that increased weight, which would be more likely to be encountered during an active restraint, could lead to more clinically significant outcomes. Ho et al. performed a similar experiment in 2011 with weights of 45kg and 67kg applied to the upper torso of prone patients. 25 The study showed significant decreases in IVC diameter with addition of weight, but no changes in vital signs. The authors inferred that cardiac output may be decreased, presuming decreased venous return, but did not measure these values directly.The roughly 18,000 police departments in the U.S. have different policies, procedures and training. Most of the nation’s largest police agencies tend to show awareness that the hogtie is dangerous, but not all ban it. That’s how my brother died,” said Kimberly Smith, his younger sister, who watched the video later. “He died like an animal.” The Hogtied category is all about the art of bondage and domination. Here, you'll find videos of women being tied up and forced to submit to their partners' desires. The category features a wide range of content, from soft bondage to hardcore BDSM. Whether you're into rope bondage, handcuffs, or leather restraints, you'll find something to suit your tastes in this category. As more scrutiny has been placed on Aurora’s use of the hobble in recent years, the directives in the department’s manual have changed and become more detailed.

Welcome to the Hogtied category on sexm.xxx, sex tube, xxx tube, sex xxx, and porn! This category is perfect for those who love to see women tied up and helpless during sex. If you're looking for some hardcore BDSM action, then this category is definitely for you. Shataeah Kelly was arrested by Aurora Police in August 2019 on charges resulting from a fight. An officer decided to hobble Kelly after she tried to escape from his patrol car. In the Boston and Milwaukee manuals, there is no mention of hogtying or the hobble device. When questioned, both departments said they do not provide officers with a hobble. The study demonstrated a decline in spirometry performance across several variations of prone positioning, although the values were not considered clinically relevant.Measured pulmonary parameters in sitting, prone, supine, and restraint positions before and after exercise. Officers pushed him face down on the street and tied a belt around his ankles and attached it to his cuffed hands so tightly his knees were lifted off the pavement. On the video, his last coherent words were "Help me." A protester holds Marcus Smith's picture during a demonstration outside City Hall on May 3, 2021, in Greensboro, N.C. Travis Dove / for The Marshall Project