Rao ST, Rossmann MG (1973). "Comparison of super-secondary structures in proteins". J Mol Biol. 76 (2): 241–56. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90388-4. PMID 4737475. Since taking NMN may help your body produce more NAD, it’s also important to consider the research behind the benefits of NAD. Studies investigating NAD shed light on its potential benefits: Lee HC (2002). Cyclic ADP-Ribose and NAADP: Structure, Metabolism and Functions. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4020-7281-9. Williams, Henry Smith (1904). Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences. A History of Science: in Five Volumes. Vol. IV. New York: Harper and Brothers. , a textbook from the 19th century.

Swerdlow RH (1998). "Is NADH effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?". Drugs Aging. 13 (4): 263–268. doi: 10.2165/00002512-199813040-00002. PMID 9805207. S2CID 10683162. Some products claim to reverse your age by 20 years or reduce your weight by 50 lbs within a month. Manufacturers that exaggerate the benefits of their products did not make our list. We only ranked products with real advantages. Human Clinical Trials Guse AH (2005). "Second messenger function and the structure-activity relationship of cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR)". FEBS J. 272 (18): 4590–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04863.x. PMID 16156781. S2CID 21509962. Bakker BM, Overkamp KM, Kötter P, Luttik MA, Pronk JT (2001). "Stoichiometry and compartmentation of NADH metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 25 (1): 15–37. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00570.x. PMID 11152939. The nicotinamide group can be attached in two orientations to the anomeric ribose carbon atom. Because of these two possible structures, the NAD could exists as either of two diastereomers. It is the β-nicotinamide diastereomer of NAD + that is found in nature.To determine the potency and efficacy of NAD Supplements, we looked at the various products, compared laboratory reports, and tried them ourselves. Collagen regeneration: If you want to boost skin health, then you need to improve your cellular health. “And this is exactly what NAD+ does,” says Conlon. “For example, collagen loss leads to wrinkles, so for years people have focused on ways to replace collagen with the best collagen supplements and creams. But we now know that the best way to increase collagen is to protect the health of our collagen producing cells (fibroblasts) – something which boosting NAD+ has been shown to do.”

Another recent study examined the effects of taking NMN in amateur runners during exercise training. In this study, 48 runners ages 27 to 50 took oral NMN supplements at 300, 600, or 1200 mg per day for 6 weeks or a placebo. Breen, Leanne T.; Smyth, Lisa M.; Yamboliev, Ilia A.; Mutafova-Yambolieva, Violeta N. (February 2006). "β-NAD is a novel nucleotide released on stimulation of nerve terminals in human urinary bladder detrusor muscle". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 290 (2): F486–F495. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00314.2005. PMID 16189287. S2CID 11400206. Friedkin M, Lehninger AL (1 April 1949). "Esterification of inorganic phosphate coupled to electron transport between dihydrodiphosphopyridine nucleotide and oxygen". J. Biol. Chem. 178 (2): 611–23. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)56879-4. PMID 18116985. Wilkinson A, Day J, Bowater R (2001). "Bacterial DNA ligases". Mol. Microbiol. 40 (6): 1241–8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02479.x. PMID 11442824. S2CID 19909818.Yang H, Yang T, Baur JA, Perez E, Matsui T, Carmona JJ, Lamming DW, Souza-Pinto NC, Bohr VA, Rosenzweig A, de Cabo R, Sauve AA, Sinclair DA (2007). "Nutrient-Sensitive Mitochondrial NAD + Levels Dictate Cell Survival". Cell. 130 (6): 1095–107. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.035. PMC 3366687. PMID 17889652. Hopp A, Grüter P, Hottiger MO (2019). "Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by NAD + and ADP-Ribosylation". Cells. 8 (8): 890. doi: 10.3390/cells8080890. PMC 6721828. PMID 31412683.