a b "California poppy, golden poppy, copa de oro". Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida . Retrieved April 9, 2012. E. californica subsp. californica var. californica, which is found along the coast from the San Francisco Peninsula north. They are perennial and somewhat prostrate, with yellow flowers. B. Bös (June 4, 2007). "Kalifornischer Goldmohn ( Eschscholzia californica)". www.giftpflanzen.com (in German). Giftpflanzen Compendium . Retrieved April 12, 2022. It belongs to the subfamily Eschscholzioideae, sister group to the subfamily Papaveroideae (which includes Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy). [11] Pollen [ edit ]

E. California subsp. californica var. peninsularis (E. L. Greene) Munz, which is an annual or facultative annual growing in arid inland environments.In the 19th century, the California poppy held a dual identity, both as a botanical native and as a symbolic representation of California. It was crafted to embody the essence of a "true" Californian, celebrated and used predominantly by the white Californian community. [15] The Native Daughters and Sons of the Golden West played a pivotal role in establishing the California poppy as a cultural icon. [15] E. californica is drought-tolerant, self-seeding, and easy to cultivate. It is best grown as an annual in full sun and sandy, well-drained soil or loam. [20] Horticulturalists have produced numerous cultivars with a range of colors and blossom and stem forms. These typically do not breed true on reseeding. Seeds are often sold as mixtures. The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:- [21] In the late 1700s, Spanish settlers affectionately called the poppy "copa de oro" (cup of gold). By 1816, Russian explorers officially named the flower Eschscholzia californica. Since California's statehood in 1850, local residents have embraced it as the California poppy or golden poppy. A particular example is a wooden box painted by Lucia Mathews in 1929, this box serves as a visual representation of the symbiotic relationship between the poppy and California, reinforcing the state's identity through design. [15] As the official state flower of California, Eschscholzia californica is pictured on welcome signs along highways entering California and on official Scenic Route signs. As the official state flower of California, Eschscholzia californica is pictured on welcome signs along highways entering California and on official Scenic Route signs. E. californica contains californidine (N +(CH3)2), allocryptopine, eschscholtzine N-CH3 (californidine), and other similar ( Papaveraceae) alkaloids. [18] The Opium wars [ edit ]

a b c d Douglas, David (1914). " Journal Kept by David Douglas during His Travels in North America 1823-1827". London: William Wesley & Son: 14.Beidleman, Richard G. (March 2006). California’s Frontier Naturalist (1st ed.). pp. 52–53. ISBN 9780520230101 I WONDER how many children envy the children of parents who can afford to decorate their houses with so many Christmas lights – the electricity bill must be enormous.

First launched in 2017, Californian Poppy adds a beguilingly radiant edge to the Legendary Collection. The sun-kissed fragrance of Californian hedonism, Atkinsons’ fragrance is somehow both fresh and modern and yet still charmingly vintage: it’s bohemian chic in a bottle.

The same patch of California poppies, with petals open on a sunny day (above) and closed on a chilly evening (below).