Rocks and Fossils: 1 (Naturetrail)

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Rocks and Fossils: 1 (Naturetrail)

Rocks and Fossils: 1 (Naturetrail)

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Grotzinger, J.P.; etal. (24 January 2014). "A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars". Science. 343 (6169): 1242777. Bibcode: 2014Sci...343A.386G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.455.3973. doi: 10.1126/science.1242777. PMID 24324272. S2CID 52836398. Over time, minerals in the sediment seep into the remains. The remains become fossilized. Fossilization usually occur in organisms with hard, bony body parts, such as skeletons, teeth, or shells. Soft-bodied organisms, such as worms, are rarely fossilized. Stromatolites are a major constituent of the fossil record for life's first 3.5billion years, peaking about 1.25billion years ago. [56] They subsequently declined in abundance and diversity, [58] which by the start of the Cambrian had fallen to 20% of their peak. The most widely supported explanation is that stromatolite builders fell victims to grazing creatures (the Cambrian substrate revolution), implying that sufficiently complex organisms were common over 1billion years ago. [59] [60] [61]

Awramik, S.M. (19 November 1971). "Precambrian columnar stromatolite diversity: Reflection of metazoan appearance". Science. 174 (4011): 825–827. Bibcode: 1971Sci...174..825A. doi: 10.1126/science.174.4011.825. PMID 17759393. S2CID 2302113. The knowledge organiser also contains key information about what soil is and explains how fossils are formed. The different types of fossils are listed in a useful table. Chemical or Molecular Fossils". petrifiedwoodmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2014 . Retrieved 15 September 2013. Stromatolites, the Oldest Fossils". Archived from the original on 9 March 2007 . Retrieved 4 March 2007. In 1666, Nicholas Steno examined a shark, and made the association of its teeth with the "tongue stones" of ancient Greco-Roman mythology, concluding that those were not in fact the tongues of venomous snakes, but the teeth of some long-extinct species of shark. [74]The Zebra River Canyon area of the Kubis platform in the deeply dissected Zaris Mountains of southwestern Namibia provides an extremely well exposed example of the thrombolite-stromatolite-metazoan reefs that developed during the Proterozoic period, the stromatolites here being better developed in updip locations under conditions of higher current velocities and greater sediment influx. [64] Astrobiology

Brian Vastag (21 August 2011). "Oldest 'microfossils' raise hopes for life on Mars". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011 . Retrieved 21 August 2011. Simons, Lewis. "Fossil Wars". National Geographic. The National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012 . Retrieved 29 February 2012. Alistair Cameron Crombie (1990). Science, optics, and music in medieval and early modern thought. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp.108–109. ISBN 978-0-907628-79-8. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023 . Retrieved 11 October 2018.Georges Cuvier came to believe that most if not all the animal fossils he examined were remains of extinct species. This led Cuvier to become an active proponent of the geological school of thought called catastrophism. Near the end of his 1796 paper on living and fossil elephants he said: Westall, Frances; etal. (2001). "Early Archean fossil bacteria and biofilms in hydrothermally influenced sediments from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa". Precambrian Research. 106 (1–2): 93–116. Bibcode: 2001PreR..106...93W. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9268(00)00127-3. Organisms are only rarely preserved as fossils in the best of circumstances, and only a fraction of such fossils have been discovered. This is illustrated by the fact that the number of species known through the fossil record is less than 5% of the number of known living species, suggesting that the number of species known through fossils must be far less than 1% of all the species that have ever lived. [50] Because of the specialized and rare circumstances required for a biological structure to fossilize, only a small percentage of life-forms can be expected to be represented in discoveries, and each discovery represents only a snapshot of the process of evolution. The transition itself can only be illustrated and corroborated by transitional fossils, which will never demonstrate an exact half-way point. [51] Vilhena, D.A.; Smith, A.B. (2013). "Spatial Bias in the Marine Fossil Record". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): e74470. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...874470V. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074470. PMC 3813679. PMID 24204570. a b Various (24 January 2014). "Special Issue – Table of Contents – Exploring Martian Habitability". Science. 343 (6169): 345–452. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014 . Retrieved 24 January 2014.



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