Hobhouse, Henry (2005) [2003]. Seeds of Wealth: Five Plants That Made Men Rich. Shoemaker & Hoard. pp.125–185. ISBN 978-1-59376-089-2. Sirimaporn Leepromrath, et al. "Rubber crop diversity and its influential factors in Thailand." Journal of Rubber Research 24.3 (2021): 461-473. Hoven, Vipavee P.; Rattanakaran, Kesinee; Tanaka, Yasuyuki (1 November 2003). "Determination of Chemical Components that Cause Mal-Odor from Natural Rubber". Rubber Chemistry and Technology. 76 (5): 1128–1144. doi: 10.5254/1.3547792.

On a microscopic scale, relaxed rubber is a disorganized cluster of erratically changing wrinkled chains. In stretched rubber, the chains are almost linear. The restoring force is due to the preponderance of wrinkled conformations over more linear ones. For the quantitative treatment see ideal chain, for more examples see entropic force. In 1940 my father’s firm decided to close the paper mill that he was working in, because of the War. The factory was mothballed and my father was given the opportunity of going either to the West Country or up to Aberdeen where there was a mill. Having been in Aberdeen during his younger years he decided that Aberdeen would be the best place, and also it was slightly further away from Herr Hitler. Espinoza, Mauricio (1 November 2012). "US seeks domestic rubber as global shortage worsens". Ohio State University . Retrieved 13 March 2021. The importance of developing alternative sources of natural rubber becomes clear when considering that there has been a shortage in the supply of this critical resource every year since 2004. By 2020, the global shortfall of natural rubber is projected to be more than the entire amount (1.2 million metric tonnes) the U.S. imports every year. a b Swain, Frank (8 March 2021). "The wonder material we all need but is running out: Climate change, capitalism and disease are threatening to strike a mortal blow to the world's rubber trees. Do we need to find alternative sources of rubber before it's too late?". BBC Future . Retrieved 13 March 2021. Cup lumps' can also be used to describe a completely different type of coagulate that has collected in smallholder plantations over a period of 1–2 weeks. After tapping all of the trees, the tapper will return to each tree and stir in some type of acid, which allows the newly harvested latex to mix with the previously coagulated material. The rubber/acid mixture is what gives rubber plantations, markets, and factories a strong odor.Some allergic reactions are not to the latex itself, but from residues of chemicals used to accelerate the cross-linking process. Although this may be confused with an allergy to latex, it is distinct from it, typically taking the form of Type IV hypersensitivity in the presence of traces of specific processing chemicals. [51] [53] Microbial degradation [ edit ] On the more social side of life, as I mentioned initially, you had to get a pass to get out. The Senior Assistant, who eventually became my brother-in-law, and I became friendly and he was very good in giving me lifts up to the time when I managed to get a small car of my own, and we often went to Kuala Lumpur to see the bright lights. The labour force on Kajang was predominately Chinese, who came in from Kajang each day prior to them going off to their allotted tasks. There were quite a number of Tamils living in the Lines, and also a number of Malays, but what percentage of which I’m not certain now. I always found that the labour force were always very loyal and would do as much as they possibly could to help you in any particular problem. More than 28 million tons of rubber were produced in 2017, of which approximately 47% was natural. Since the bulk is synthetic, which is derived from petroleum, the price of natural rubber is determined, to a large extent, by the prevailing global price of crude oil. [31] [32] Asia was the main source of natural rubber, accounting for about 90% of output in 2021. [33] The three largest producers, Thailand, Indonesia, [34] and Malaysia, together account for around 72% of all natural rubber production. Natural rubber is not cultivated widely in its native continent of South America because of the South American leaf blight, and other natural predators there. Natural rubber is susceptible to degradation by a wide range of bacteria. [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61]

Paterson-Jones, J.C.; Gilliland, M.G.; Van Staden, J. (June 1990). "The Biosynthesis of Natural Rubber". Journal of Plant Physiology. 136 (3): 257–263. doi: 10.1016/S0176-1617(11)80047-7. ISSN 0176-1617.The bacteria Streptomyces coelicolor, Pseudomonas citronellolis, and Nocardia spp. are capable of degrading vulcanized natural rubber. [62] See also [ edit ] Storage & organisation Furniture Textiles Kitchenware & tableware Kitchens Lighting Decoration Rugs, mats & flooring Beds & mattresses Baby & children Smart home Bathroom products Laundry & cleaning Plants & plant pots Home electronics Home improvement Outdoor living Food & beverages Christmas Shop Shop by room

In my time with the Company, which lasted until 1969, I spent a considerable amount of time on the main Estate, which was Kerilla. I had a replanting to look after, I had old rubber. The replanting had been planted up prior to my arrival and was in good condition, but one of the aspects which I had never come across before was that we were having a considerable problem in the first year during the dry season with locusts. They were literally eating up everything including the rubber leaves on the trees and also the central cover crop. We used to spray the area and them with a powder form which hopefully did the necessary, but it only happened on two years running, and after that we never had to bother with it again. Rainfall of around 250 centimetres (98in) evenly distributed without any marked dry season and with at least 100 rainy days per yearThe great news is that rubber trees don't need a lot of fussing over. Water your rubber tree when the soil is slightly dry to the touch. Watering too often may cause leaf yellowing. Dump out the saucer beneath the pot so there's no standing water. If you like, feed your rubber tree with a general-purpose fertilizer at 1/4 to 1/2 strength a few times a year, especially during active growth in spring and summer. Or not! It's really not necessary but certainly won't hurt. Are rubber plants safe around pets? Horath, Larry (2017). Fundamentals of Materials Science for Technologists: Properties, Testing, and Laboratory Exercises, Second Edition. Waveland Press. ISBN 978-1-4786-3518-5. Liu, Luqing; Wang, Chaohui; Liang, Qing; Chen, Feng; Zhou, Xiaolei (15 March 2023). "A state-of-the-art review of rubber modified cement-based materials: Cement stabilized base". Journal of Cleaner Production. 392: 136270. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136270. ISSN 0959-6526.