This OSCE model can evaluate nine of the 11 pre-APPE core domain competencies of the ACPE: patient safety; basic patient assessment; medication information; identification and assessment of drug related problems; mathematics applied to dose calculation; professional and legal behavior; general communication abilities; counseling patients; and drug information analysis and literature research [ 6, 7]. Unlike the Korean IPPE curriculum, the one in the US mainly includes off-campus practice in community and hospital pharmacies as along with in-class simulation training [ 6, 7]. The Pharmaceutical Common Achievement Tests Organization in Japan presented five OSCE competency areas, including patient counseling, dispensing, dispensing audit, aseptic dispensing, and provision of drug information [ 17]. The OSCE core domains in this study areas were developed after considering the IPPE curriculum and its official textbook, utilized by most Korean pharmacy schools [ 3, 25]. Counselling patients for complex dosage forms (i.e., respiratory inhalers or self-injection devices) or OTCs, has been a key competency for clinical pharmacists to provide effective health and medication information to patients, and confirm their understanding of it [ 6, 7, 25, 33]. By assessing students’ ability towards patient care and prescription review, we could evaluate their basic knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving competencies, for assessing patient conditions and DRPs in the community or hospital pharmacy. The competency of time bound drug information analysis and literature research, could be assessed by the area of drug information service, which required the use of adequate drug information resources and evidence-based pharmacotherapy, to provide safe and effective pharmacotherapy [ 6, 7, 15, 25, 26]. Preparation time and budget: The preparation time for simulated patient (SP)-based OSCE is longer, as it includes script writing, training, and pilot testing. It may take several sessions for an SP to become familiar with the case and realistically portray the findings in a consistent manner. The increased budget needed to run a successful SP program is also a valid concern. In cases of complex or refractory ED, urologists may choose to perform an additional set of specialised tests: The drug is intended to last for roughly 4 hours (if an erection lasts longer than 4 hours, the patient should seek urgent care for risk of priapism) As a performance based assessment tool for testing the minimum accepted standards of students or trainees as barrier (exit) examinations during the undergraduate years in most of the medical schools.

The strength must be included for schedule 2 and 3 controlled drug prescriptions. Dose or instructions Record the patient’s current and past smoking history, including the type and amount of tobacco used. a b c Khan, Kamran Z.; Ramachandran, Sankaranarayanan; Gaunt, Kathryn; Pushkar, Piyush (2013). "The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE): AMEE Guide No. 81. Part I: An historical and theoretical perspective". Medical Teacher. 35 (9): e1437–e1446. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2013.818634. ISSN 0142-159X. PMID 23968323. S2CID 28150274. Medicines are crucial for maintaining health, preventing illness, managing chronic conditions and treating acute diseases. Where medicines are not used optimally, patients can end up either not getting the intended benefit or, at worst, suffering adverse effects and in some cases being admitted to hospital. The aim of this book is therefore to provide a resource to support students to develop and practice these key skills. This book is designed as a useful resource for undergraduate students, clinical tutors and those involved in teaching students on an undergraduate pharmacy degree course.

Examination Day

Once necessity has been identified, you should consider how much of the medication is needed for a therapeutic effect. This decision should be evidence-based but person-centred. For example, some randomised controlled trials will identify a therapeutic dose, however, the participants in the trial may be very different to the patient in front of you. PDE-5 contraindications include concurrent nitrate use. Caution is required when treating patients with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease in the previous 6 months (hypo/hypertension). Recommended as a surgical treatment for patients who have failed previous trials of management. Prosthetic options are inflatable implants vs. semirigid rods. In inflatable implants, the patient presses a pump which fills a surgically-implanted cylinder with fluid, thereby propelling an erection. Contrastingly, with semirigid rods, the penis remains rigid at all times and patients may choose to manoeuvre the device upwards to conceal their erection in times outwith sexual activity. Penile implants last for 10-15 years. The risks of prothesis are infection, implant malfunction and internal erosion/adhesion. Ask if the patient has any drug allergies and clarify what happens when the patient takes the medication. Make sure to document allergies clearly in the patient’s record.

Patients may be referred for specialist counselling services if the cause of ED is considered to have a psychogenic component (either stand-alone or mixed) and if purely organic causes of ED have been ruled out. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

Preparing for an upcoming OSCE?

Harden, R M; Stevenson, M; Downie, W W; Wilson, G M (1975). "Assessment of clinical competence using objective structured examination". BMJ. 1 (5955): 447–451. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5955.447. PMC 1672423. PMID 1115966. It can be easy to just wipe all memories of a bad OSCE out of your brain. However, if you write those errors down you can review them for your next exam and ensure you don’t make the same mistakes again. Talking to your coursemates about their experience can help too – no one said that you can only learn from your own mistakes.

Explore if the patient is experiencing any significant side effects with their current medications: Management can include modification of risk factors, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, psychosexual counselling, hormone therapy and penile prosthesis.The patient is the most valuable source of information in relation to their medication – they’re the ones who ultimately take them. However, if possible, you should try and obtain a collateral history from another source to confirm the patient’s doses. Exam accommodations – please see the PEBC exam accommodations information and indicate whether or not you will submit a request for exam accommodations. Patients with suspected ED will primarily complain of difficulties initiating or sustaining an erection. At this stage of the consultation, you should revisit any concerns the patient may have about their current medication regime. It’s also important to provide the patient with the opportunity to raise any additional concerns about their medication. Doses can be ‘ licensed’ or ‘ unlicensed’. Licensed doses have been approved by regulators who have assessed the evidence for the product at a particular dose for a particular reason (or indication). Unlicensed doses or ‘off licence’ doses have not been approved and the evidence for use of the medication at that dose for that indication has not been assessed. When prescribing ‘off licence’ responsibility for the safety of the products use rests solely with the prescriber.

Bibliographical notePrescribing medicines to a patient remains the most common intervention made by the National Health Service (www.england.nhs.uk). How often do you drink alcohol and how much do you typically drink each time? Recreational drug use Exam language– The exam is provided in French or English. You must indicate in which language you wish to take the exam and are then required to complete the exam in that language. Objective structured clinical examinations evaluate learners “showing how” to perform complex clinical tasks including those infrequently observed and those core to practice. [4] Design [ edit ] An objective structured clinical examination ( OSCE) is an approach to the assessment of clinical competence in which the components are assessed in a planned or structured way with attention being paid to the objectivity of the examination which is basically an organization framework consisting of multiple stations around which students rotate and at which students perform and are assessed on specific tasks. [1] OSCE is a modern [2] type of examination often used for assessment in health care disciplines.Knowing how long the patient has been taking a medication is important, as this influences the likelihood of risks such as: N1 - Prescribing medicines to a patient remains the most common intervention made by the National Health Service (www.england.nhs.uk). There are often no clinical signs present in patients with ED, although in some cases male genital examination may reveal structural abnormalities of the penis.