Figure 1. Suppurative otitis with erythema and purulent discharge in an atopic dog with secondary Pseudomonas otitis. mg/kg PO q 24 h; 2.5% injectable sol. diluted 1:4 with saline or Epiotic® topically q 24 h; 22.7 mg/ml sol. 0.15–0.3 ml/ear q 24 h Pye C, Yu A, Weese JS. Evaluation of biofilm production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from canine ears and the impact of biofilm on antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro. Vet Dermatol. 2013;24:446–449. Pseudomonas are inherently resistant to many antibiotics and readily develop further resistance if treatment is ineffective. Other anti- Pseudomonas antibiotics are often expensive, not licensed for animals and have to been given parenterally if used systemically. Ear canal: Squeeze the solution into the ear canal, then cover the ear with the ear flap and gently massage the base of the ear. Leave for 3–5 minutes and remove any excess with a cotton wool pad.

The likely sensitivity of Malassezia and staphylococci can be predicted using knowledge of local resistance patterns and previous treatment. Gram-negative bacteria are harder to differentiate on cytology, although Pseudomonas are most common. Their susceptibility is harder to predicate, although most first-time infections will be susceptible to aminoglycosides, polymixin B, silver sulfadiazine and fluoroquinolones. However, they readily acquire multi-drug resistance (see below). De aktiva substanserna är uppdelade i två separata behållare och ska blandas före användning. Tris-EDTA kommer i en flaska (Flaska A) och N-Acetylcystein kommer i en kork (Kork B). Triz-EDTA alone has been shown in vitro to have potent bactericidal effects. Used as a lavage, Triz-EDTA has been shown to be effective against otitis externa caused by Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Trichosporon spp., and Streptococcus spp. with no adverse effects.Topical therapy achieves high local concentrations that persist. Concentrations of gentamicin were 3–15x and concentrations of miconazole are 1.2–2x the MIC90 for canine otic isolates of staphylococci and Malassezia respectively 10 days after a five day course of Easotic®. Levels of florfenicol and terbinafine are at least 1000x MIC90 for staphylococci and Malassezia for the duration of treatment with two doses of Osurnia®. Step 3: Massage the base of the ear gently for about 30 seconds to loosen up wax and debris. “You’ll hear a little squishing sound when you’re doing it right,” says Dr. Martin.

If your dog fights you during the cleaning process, take a break between each ear. You can also practice getting your dog used to the process by petting your dog’s ears and desensitizing them to you touching their ear before you clean it.Most liquid dog ear cleaners are fairly simple to use, but be warned—ear cleaning can get messy. So, you might want to clean your pup’s ears in a bathroom or outside. We asked veterinarians what they recommend looking for in an at-home ear cleaner for dogs. Here are some shopping tips they suggest: Choose a Vet-Approved Solution Chen T, Hill PB. The biology of Malassezia organisms and their ability to induce immune responses and skin disease. Vet Dermatol.