The maximum sequential read speed that's theoretically possible for a SATA drive is 600MBps, though as we said above, we haven't seen any drives reach that limit even in ideal testing conditions. The theoretical peak sequential read speed for PCI Express 3.0 x4 drives is much faster—3,940MBps, although the fastest one we've tested in-house is the Samsung SSD 870 EVO, which topped out at 3,372MBps read speed in the Crystal DiskMark 6 benchmark.

We've introduced you to M.2 drives and 2.5-inch drives above, but let's get into them in a bit more detail. 2.5-Inch SSDs: The Basic Drive I always trust Samsung for SSD and have used them in servers before without having any issues. I am more than pleased with the performance and performing my work is so much faster now. Highest capacity you can get but lowest-common-denominator interface (SATA3 / 6G) and I wasn't even able to quite reach the advertised speeds over it (reads and writes were 10-20 M slower without a filesystem and in the 400s with one). I still decided to keep it anyway. It basically performs as well as any SATA-based SSD does. That said, those buying an SSD for professional applications such as filmmaking, server hosting, or anything else that involves large file transfers of the magnitude of hundreds of gigabytes daily will want to choose a drive that can withstand that kind of punishment for months, even years on end. (Credit: Zlata Ivleva) Serial ATA is both a bus type and a physical interface. SATA was the first interface that consumer SSDs used to connect to motherboards, like the hard drives that preceded them. It's still the primary cable-based interface you'll see for 2.5-inch solid-state drives. (Credit: Zlata Ivleva)

Random Read (4 KB, QD32) Up to 98,000 IOPS Random Read * Performance may vary based on system hardware & configuration ** Measured with Intelligent TurboWrite technology being activated That said, with games in popular series like Call of Duty requiring over 100GB of space just for one title, the drive could end up full again faster than you can line up a sniper shot. These days, if you're looking to get just one roomy drive (or maybe you have to, such as for a laptop), 2TB is the recommended size for gamers, while hardcore content creators who are dealing with 8K RAW footage will need far, far more. (A one-hour 8K RAW file will occupy 7.92 terabytes of space.) (Credit: Molly Flores) An SSD metric called terabytes written (TBW) refers to the point where, after a certain amount of data being written to the drive, its cells will begin to fail, meaning the available space on the drive will shrink as the drive electronics compensate and take the failing cells offline. The TBW rating of a drive is usually anywhere between 100TBW and 3,500TBW, depending on the manufacturer, the capacity, and the use case, but for the most part this isn't a figure that will affect daily users. Solid-state drives (SSDs) have come a long way in recent years: a long way up in speed and capacity, and a long way down in price.

The reason why I got an SSD is that I use Parallels for Mac and have three Windows VM's and a few Linux and over time with the fusion drive, I was losing performance from time to time. Seems that I have no issues or complaints until I install an update from Apple or an update from Parallels then it slows down again and I have to go and optimize and then it runs pretty fast for 3-4 days until another update! The intent of the SSD was to remove the fusion issues and just go solid SSD. If I bought a 2 TB drive, it would solve ONE problem but would not solve the needed space to give me more flexibility. I chose the 4 TB, even though it wasn't in my budget, to solve both problems at once and I am glad that I did and would recommend anyone to invest the money and move up to the extra space. First, consider the bus type. M.2 drives come in SATA bus and PCI Express bus flavors, and the drive requires a compatible slot to work. Some M.2 slots support both buses on a single slot, but drives support just one or the either, so make sure the SSD you buy matches the bus type available on the slot in question. This figure also folds into the warranty period for a drive, which (aside from a few fringe cases) will almost always be for three to five years or until you hit the TBW spec. Manufacturers have ways of reading a drive to determine how many terabytes have been written to it over its lifetime, so make sure before you submit any warranty requests that you haven't already gone over your TBW before the warranty period has expired. Finally, the price of an SSD can also be affected by the memory element "method" used to store data. The four different types are single-level cell (SLC), multi-level cell (MLC), triple-level cell (TLC), and quad-level cell (QLC), respectively storing one to four bits per cell. SLC is both the fastest and most durable of the four types, but it's also the most expensive and rarely seen outside enterprise drives or as a chunk of cache used alongside one of the other technologies. MLC is less durable and a bit slower, but more reasonably priced, while TLC and QLC have pretty much taken over the mainstream; they are the least "durable" but also the cheapest. (More on drive endurance in a moment.) If an M.2 drive you're looking at has one of these special, big heatsinks on it, make sure your desktop's motherboard has the clearance above and around it to accommodate its bulk. Some desktop motherboards situate an M.2 slot right alongside the ideal expansion slot you'd use for your graphics card, for example, and the hardware can collide. Laptop designs typically can't stomach a special, tall heat sink at all.M.2 drives also come in different lengths. Physically, the most common of five M.2 SSD sizes is what's known as Type-2280, shorthand for 22 millimeters wide and 80mm long. (All SSDs you'll see for consumer PC upgrades are 22mm wide; lengths range from 30mm to 110mm.) Most are merely circuit boards with flash memory and controller chips on them, but some M.2 drives (especially those of the PCI Express 4.0 variety) now ship with relatively large heatsinks mounted on top to keep them cool, or in the box as accessories. (Credit: Joseph Maldonado)

Now that I had a faster system, I chose to do some more updates on the OS and clean up my Windows 10 VM's. At first, everything seemed a little slow. That was expected as your Mac is optimizing things, as well as the Windows VM. That said, while almost any SSD is much faster than any hard drive, not all SSDs are created equal—not by a long shot. SSD interfaces have evolved greatly over the last few years, and SSDs themselves are taking on different shapes and core technologies.Software is another shopping consideration that only the storage nerds out there might dig into, but regardless of which company you go with, any SSD software management dashboard should have at least a secure erase option, a firmware update module, and some kind of migration tool that will let you safely and securely move data from one drive to another. Most mainstream drives will have you covered there. My main apprehension is knowing it's QLC and won't have great total bytes written before it wears out. As with all QLC, it'll be better suited to less frequent and total write use cases (where you also don't need the absolute fastest reads but latency for either is a factor).

Solid-state drives come in all shapes and sizes and are built for almost every purpose. Whether you need a drive whose first priority is dollar-savings, or one that will load up a 4K movie in less than half a second, there's an SSD made for the job.

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mSATA, short for mini-SATA, is a predecessor to the M.2 form factor. It was primarily built into laptops, though some older desktop motherboards may have an mSATA slot aboard. With mSATA, the slots and drives use only the SATA bus, unlike M.2's SATA and PCIe support. For all intents and purposes, mSATA is a dead end, though you might run into it if you have an older laptop or desktop. (Credit: Zlata Ivleva) SATA-based SSDs have shown that in 4K random read and write, specifically, SATA isn't quite out of the game yet, offering performance in loading games or applications that's on par with... PCI Express: The Modern Speed Standard