Hinton, Perry R. (2013). "Returning in a Different Fashion: Culture, Communication, and Changing Representations of Lolita in Japan and the West". International Journal of Communication. 7: 1582–1602. Some Lolitas say they enjoy the dress of the subculture simply because it is fun and not as a protest against traditional Japanese society. [10] Other motives could be that wearing the fashion style increases their self-confidence [98] [99] [100] [101] or to express an alternative identity. [10] [76] [32] [97] [102] [103] Socioeconomic dimension [ edit ] Popularization [ edit ] Musician Mana, pictured at a 2019 fashion show for his brand Moi-même-Moitié, is credited with helping to popularize Gothic Lolita.

Hardy Bernal, Kathryn (2016). "Performing Lolita: The Japanese Gothic and Lolita Subculture and Constructing Identity through Virtual Space". Journal of Asia-Pacific Pop Culture. 1 (1): 79–102. doi: 10.5325/jasiapacipopcult.1.1.0079. JSTOR 10.5325/jasiapacipopcult.1.1.0079. S2CID 194483476. Younker, Terasa. "Lolita: dreaming, despairing,defying" (PDF). New York University: 97. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2020 . Retrieved 30 September 2020. Valdimarsdótti, I. Guðlaug (2015). Fashion Subcultures in Japan. A multilayered history of street fashion in Japan (Thesis). University of Iceland. Pretty in Pink". The Bold Italic Editors. 8 April 2010. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017 . Retrieved 9 August 2017.

Many lolitas consider being photographed without permission to be rude and disrespectful; [109] [110] [111] however, some rules differ or overlap in different parts of this community. [112] Lolitas often host meetings in public spaces such as parks, restaurants, cafes, shopping malls, public events, and festivals. [113] Some meetings take place at members' homes, and often have custom house rules (e.g. each member must bring their own cupcake to the meeting). [114] Lolita meetings are thus a social aspect of the lolita fashion community, serving as an opportunity for members to meet one another. [ citation needed] Many lolitas also used to use Livejournal to communicate, but many have since switched to Facebook groups. [115] Terminology [ edit ]

Another common confusion is between the Lolita fashion style and cosplay. [133] Although both spread from Japan, they are different and should be perceived as independent from each other; [134] one is a fashion style while the other is role-play, with clothing and accessory being used to play a character. This does not exclude that there may be some overlap between members of the groups. [135] This can be seen at anime conventions such as the convention in Götenborg in which cosplay and Japanese fashion is mixed. [136] For some Lolitas, it is insulting if people label their outfit as a costume. [10] [137] Gallery [ edit ] What the Hell has Happened to Tokyo's Fashion Subcultures?". Dazed. 4 December 2015. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018 . Retrieved 13 June 2018. The Kawaii Ambassadors (Ambassadors of Cuteness)". Trends in Japan. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017 . Retrieved 11 August 2017. Talmadge, Eric (7 August 2008). "Tokyo's Lolita scene all about escapismn". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017 . Retrieved 11 August 2017.

The Outrageous Street-Style Tribes of Harajuku". BBC. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018 . Retrieved 13 June 2018. Staite, S. Abigail (2012). Lolita: Atemporal Class-Play With tea and cakes (Thesis). University of Tasmania. Innocent World Tea Party in Vienna: Q&A (2013) at Jame World (archived version at archive, 14 August 2017 version)

Berry, B. (2017). Ethnographic Comparison of a Niche Fashion Group, Lolita (Thesis). Florida Atlantic University. Rebels in Frills: a Literature Review on Lolita Subculture at Academia (thesis) from South Carolina Honors College a b c Borggreen, G. (2013). "Cute and Cool in Contemporary Japanese Visual Arts". The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies. 29 (1): 39–60. doi: 10.22439/cjas.v29i1.4020. Many of the very early lolitas in the 1990s hand-made most of their clothing, and were inspired by the Dolly Kei movement of the previous decade. [31] Because of the diffusion of fashion magazines people were able to use lolita patterns to make their own clothing. [ citation needed] Another way to own lolita was to buy it second-hand. [104] The do-it-yourself behaviour can be seen more frequently by people who cannot afford the expensive brands. [105] De opkomst van de mangacultuur in België. Een subcultuuronderzoek., Lora-Elly Vannieuwenhuysen, p. 48, KU Leuven, 2014–2015.

a b Hardy Bernal, Kathryn A. (2019). Lolita Latina: an examination of Gothic and Lolita Style in the Mexican environment: a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Visual and Material Culture, College of Creative Arts, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand (Thesis). Massey University. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021 . Retrieved 18 May 2021. a b c d Kang, Z. Young; Cassidy, T. Diane (2015). "Lolita Fashion: A transglobal subculture". Fashion, Style & Popular Culture. 2 (3): 371–384. doi: 10.1386/fspc.2.3.371_1. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016 . Retrieved 11 February 2018. a b Koma, K. (2013). "Kawaii as Represented in Scientific Research: The Possibilities of Kawaii Cultural Studies". Hemispheres, Studies on Cultures and Societies (28): 103–117. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017 . Retrieved 10 February 2018.