a b c Bhana, Deevia (2009). " "Boys will be boys": what do early childhood teachers have to do with it?". Educational Review. 61 (3): 327–339. doi: 10.1080/00131910903045963. S2CID 145690695.

The Salience of “Hegemonic Masculinity” - James W The Salience of “Hegemonic Masculinity” - James W

Kimmel, M., Hearn J., & Connell, R. W. (2005). Handbook on studies on men & masculinities. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Connell, R. W.; Messerschmidt, James W. (2005). "Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept". Gender & Society. 19 (6): 829–859. doi: 10.1177/0891243205278639. ISSN 0891-2432. S2CID 5804166. Connell, Raewyn (1993). Schools and social justice. Temple University Press. ISBN 1-56639-137-7. OCLC 1131018653. Smith, G., Kippax, S., & Chapple, M. (1998). Secrecy, disclosure, and the closet dynamics. Journal of Homosexuality, 35(1), 53–73. As the earliest model of this concept grew, so did the scrutiny and criticisms surrounding it. The following principal criticisms have been identified since debate about the concept began in the early 1990s. [3] Underlying concept of masculinity [ edit ]

Linda, Lutz, Helma. Herrera Vivar, Maria Teresa. Supik (2016). Framing intersectionality: debates on a multi-faceted concept in gender studies. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-58292-4. OCLC 950471796. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) Levant, Ronald F.; Wong, Y. Joel (2017). The Psychology of Men and Masculinities. Washington: American Psychological Association. ISBN 978-1-43-382690-0. Laurie, Timothy (2015). "Masculinity studies and the jargon of strategy: hegemony, tautology, sense". Angelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities. 20 (1): 13–30. doi: 10.1080/0969725X.2015.1017373. hdl: 10453/44220. S2CID 142704874. Pdf. William Fraser Connell" (PDF). Cunningham Library - Australian Council for Educational Research . Retrieved 23 November 2018.

Masculinities: Second Edition - Raewyn Connell - Google Books Masculinities: Second Edition - Raewyn Connell - Google Books

Jhally, Sut (1 January 2000), Tough Guise: Violence, Media & the Crisis in Masculinity , retrieved 2 November 2016 Masculinity is the set of social practices and cultural representations associated with being a man. The plural ‘masculinities’ is also used in recognition that ways of being a man and cultural representations of/about men vary, both historically and culturally, between societies and between different groupings of men within any one society. Masthead". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 22 August 2012 . Retrieved 31 August 2017.

Connell's sociology emphasises the historical nature of social reality and the transformative character of social practice. Her writing tries to combine empirical detail, structural analysis, critique, and relevance to practice. Much of her empirical work uses biographical (life-history) interviewing in education, family life and workplaces. She has written or co-written twenty-one books and more than 150 research papers, [16] and her work has been translated into 18 languages. [17] [18] Class and education [ edit ] In today’s society it takes a lot to grasp the change in how masculinity is “supposed” to be. To be able to truly understand the sort of expectations that men are held to by society there must be a detailed look into what R.W. Connell refers to as “Hegemonic Masculinity” (Connell), it justifies men’s position in society as head of society and puts women second, saying women are supposed to submit to men. The impact it has on men in today’s society is, more than less, changing, but still has a significant place in male masculinity and in a lot of the “norms” we have, such as the man has to be the “breadwinner” of the household, and the women should only take care of the house. We often deamn these beliefs to be true by nature, as soon as a boy becomes a “man” he must go out and become the head of something or show that he is a man by gaining power (Being the head of his household, owning a business, getting wealthy, ect.).

Connell: Masculinities Raewyn Connell: Masculinities

Banerjee P., Connell R. (2018) Gender Theory as Southern Theory. In: Risman B., Froyum C., Scarborough W. (eds) Handbook of the Sociology of Gender. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-76333-0_4 Messner, Michael A. (1992). Power at play: sports and the problem of masculinity. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 9780807041048. R.W Connell, in her book Masculinities (1995), argues that what is important to a meaningful analysis of gender and masculinity is the “… processes and relationships through which men and women conduct gendered lives. ‘Masculinity’, to the extent the term can be briefly defined at all, is simultaneously a place in gender relations, the practices through which men and women engage that place in gender, and the effects of these practices in bodily experience, personality and culture” 65. a b Liben, Lynn S.; Bigler, Rebecca S. (2002). "The developmental course of gender differentiation: Conceptualizing, measuring, and evaluating constructs and pathways". Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 67 (2): i–viii and 1–183. doi: 10.1111/mono.2002.67.issue-2. JSTOR 3181530. PMID 12465575.Messerschmidt, James W. (1995). "Managing to kill: Masculinities and the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion". Masculinities. 3 (4): 1–22. ISSN 1072-8538. OCLC 936763962. Raewyn Connell (born 3 January 1944), usually cited as R. W. Connell, is an Australian sociologist and Professor Emerita at the University of Sydney, mainly known for co-founding the field of masculinity studies and coining the concept of hegemonic masculinity, as well as for her work on Southern theory. [1] [2] Life and career [ edit ] Lorber, J. (2000). Using gender to undo gender: A feminist degendering movement. Feminist Theory, 1, 79–95. Find sources: "Hegemonic masculinity"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( November 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Masculinities - Raewyn Connell - Google Books

Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender and Society, 19, 829–859.To conclude, the topic of Hegemonic masculinity has yet to be stable and has a lot more research to go before it is concrete. There are many different aspects to masculinity, gender roles and the simple fact that if women weren’t around we wouldn’t even be studying masculinity. According to Connell, a lot of different masculinities are in existence, even though hegemonic masculinity is the most prevalent one. Hegemonic masculinity affects the behavioral aspects of men in today’s society and still has most men trying to maintain their rein on society. The result of this is the fact that men still must prove to the world and other men that they are just as manly. The way that men cope with the changes in the world is something that a lot of future sociologists will be studying. Change in locally specific constructions of hegemonic masculinity has been a consistent theme of masculinity research, but given the growing attention to globalization, the significance of transnational arenas for the construction of masculinity has also been argued. Charlotte Hooper described the deployment of masculinities in the arenas of international relations, [30] and Connell proposed a model of "transnational business masculinity" among jet-setting corporate executives. [4] Because of this, Connell and Messerschmidt have proposed hegemonic masculinities be analysed at three levels: local, regional, and global. [3] The links between these levels are critical to gender politics since interventions at any level giving women more power and representation can influence from the top down or from the bottom up. Additionally, adopting a framework that distinguishes between the three levels allows one to recognize the importance of place without making generalizations about independent cultures or discourses. She was appointed University Professor at the University of Sydney in 2004, and retired from her University Chair on July 31, 2014. [9] She has been Professor Emerita at the University of Sydney since her retirement. [10] In movies, another form of media, you see the superheroes, mostly men, as big strong manly guys who saves the world from appending doom, giving the message that men are supposed to imitate these big strong macho men and get through the harsh realities of life unscathed, when in reality life will get to them and that okay, you don’t have to be like these men on the big screens. “Masculinities in Western societies are typically defined by by a specific body reflexive practice: sport, violence, heterosexual performance, and bodybuilding” (Connell pg. 86). One of the biggest societal issues is that fact that women want to be paid the same as men and that simply is not the case in today’s society. “Hegemonic Masculinity can also be seen in our wage structures where men earn more than women and traditionally men achieve the top positions as managers or leaders.” (Connell).