De Witte, M. (2003) “Altar Media’s Living Word: Televised Christianity in Ghana,” Journal of Religion in Africa, 33(2): 172-202. Horsfield, P., Hess, M.E. and Medrano, A.M. (eds) (2004) Belief in Media: Cultural Perspectives on Media and Christianity, Aldershot: Ashgate. Here you will find a complete list of the nineteen theories and theorists that you have to know for the A-level media exam. Remember that these are not the only theories or theorist out there, and you may refer to other concepts. Also please keep in mind that very few of these theorists ‘invented’ their concept, and all of them explored many more aspects than just the things we have studied. Nordic Research Network on the Mediatization of Religion and Culture –Network focusing on debates about the role of media in the transformation of religion A constant feature of radical feminist media has been INTERNAL CONFLICT about organization and editorial policy. Power differences, differences of opinion and interests appear to exist among women also, and are not male preserve.

Widely regarded as a classic text in feminist media studies research, the book begins by outlining major themes that have shaped research. Van Zoonen explores communication methods, theories, and models to highlight the ways in which feminist research strategies offer a challenge to traditional assumptions about media and communication that ignore the influence of gender in the production, representation, and consumption of media. Johnston, R. (ed.) (2007) Reframing Theology and Film: New Focus for an Emerging Discipline, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. Campbell, H. (2004) “Challenges Created by Online Religious Networks,” Journal of Media and Religion, 3(2): 81-99. McLuhan, M. and Powers, B. (1992) The Global Village: Transformations in World Life in the Twenty First Century, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Alexander, J.C. (1988b) “Culture and political crisis: ‘Watergate’ and Durkheimian sociology,” in J.C. Alexander (ed.) Durkheimian Sociology: Cultural Studies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.187-224.Although, as van Zoonen notes, the media have played a central role in feminist critique, questions of gender are scarce in the mass communication literature and feminist media studies remain marginalized. Here is a strong effort to remedy the situation' - Choice The media' is controlled by an increasingly small number of companies who are driven by profit and power The increasing power of global media corporations, together with the rise of convergent media technologies and developments in the production, distribution and marketing of digital media have placed traditional approaches to media regulation at risk. Audiences acquire attitudes, emotional responses and behaviours through media products modelling ideologies

There are millions of possible responses that can be affected through factors such as upbringing, cultural capital, ethnicity, age, social class, and so on Norris argues that gender fundamentally shapes modern American politics. By the 1990s, the political agenda had become characterized by sharp differences of opinion on affirmative action, abortion rights, and welfare reform, placing gender at the center of US politics. Authors examine how media coverage of politics reinforces, rather than challenges, the dominant culture, thereby contributing toward women’s marginalization in public life. Religious Revelation, Secrecy and the Limits of Visual Representation, Anthropological Theory,6(3): 431-53.

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Unlike the generic audience or the classic spectator, fans are active participants in the construction and circulation of textual meanings how audience responses to and interpretations of media representations reflect social, cultural and historical circumstances. Although feminist media scholarship has grown in influence in recent decades, some have questioned its continuing validity in current postfeminist media culture as a theoretical perspective. Exploring the complex relationship among the terms “women,” “feminism,” and “media,” Thornham engages with key issues within feminist media studies both through specific examples and through critical engagement with the work of major feminist writers. All media products have an underlying structure, and knowledge of this structure helps us to analyse them. Anne Fleur Van Veenstra, EA (Liesbet) van Zoonen & Natali Helberger (2021) - ELSA labs for human centric innovation in AI