Nowadays Bulb flats are the most used structure profiles for the Shipbuilding construction to reinforce steel plate. Bulb flats can be applied in almost all shipbuilding vessels, such as offshore, cruising, yacht, ferries, barges, fishing, repairing and etcetera. Eng. Holland, who created the design of the bulb flats, originating the name Holland Profile (HP), realized a very strategic and useful profiles which are the most needed and approved by many shipbuilding engineers from worldwide. They feature a unique shape – flat, with a short, tapered flange on one side – which provides for more accessible cleaning, welding, and there are no hidden recesses which you might encounter when reinforcing plate with other structure profiles. It corresponds to the relevant shear area A v multiplied by the steel yield stress in pure shear f y / √3 corresponding to the yield criterion in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.1(5): The design resistance of the cross-section for axial force, shear force, and bending moment are calculated in accordance with EN1993-1-1 §6.2.

Flat bar is used widely in engineering and construction for manufacturing support braces, latches, mechanical parts, industrial tools, etc and for a whole range of DIY applications. Baglietto SRL have started providing bulb flats since 70s, remarking the significant request, initially from the ship-repairing field, so then specializing more and more in the shipbuilding sector also.Design properties for circular hollow steel sections (CHS) according to EN1993-1-1 Definition of the cross-section Touch Screen Zoom: Increase the size of the calculator on your touch screen by zooming with your fingers. The size of the calculator, text and buttons changes proportionately. Safety Clothing & Equipment Head & Face Protection Body Protection Miscellaneous Safety Measuring & Layout Tools Tape Measures Marking Equipment Levels & Combination Squares Striking Tools For typical Circular Hollow Sections (CHS) the geometric properties of the cross-section are defined in the following standards:

Chosen Specification Reference TR00002443-100 Finish Zinc & Clear Cr3 Old Web Reference W/M12/250/HH88BL Standard DIN 931 Material Grade 8.8 Steel Availability Due to symmetry the centroid of the cross-section (center of mass) as well as the shear center are located at the center.

The design plastic resistance of the cross-section in uniform tension is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.3(2). For the case of circular hollow sections that cannot be classified as Class 3 their strength and stability verifications should be based on EN 1993-1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures For the case of circular hollow sections (tubular sections) that cannot be classified as Class 3 their strength and stability verifications should be based on EN 1993-1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures.

Therefore the presented cross-section resistances are indicative values applicable for special cases. The shear area A v for the case of circular hollow sections is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.6(3) as: Sheets & Plates Hot Rolled Plate Durbar Floor Plates Galvanised Sheet Base Plates High Yield Reinforcement Bar Welded Mesh

Design properties for circular hollow steel sections (CHS) according to EN1993-1-1

Stand-Offs Threaded Stand-Offs Adjustable Stand-Offs Juliet Balcony Juliet Balcony Kits Juliet Balcony Fittings Glass Clamps Balustrade Gates Spigots In general the overall element resistance is smaller and must be verified according to the relevant clauses of EN1993-1-1 Section 6. Print Close Eurocode 3 Table of design properties for steel tubes - Circular Hollow Sections (CHS) Description: It corresponds to the relevant elastic section modulus W el multiplied by the steel yield stress f y:

The design torsional moment resistance of the cross-section for the case of St. Venant torsion is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.7. Drills & Drill Bits VersaDrive HoleCutter Broach Cutters Adapters Impact Drill Bits Impact Reamers Step Drill Bits Drill Bit Tool Sets Magnetic Drill Machine Kits More Drills & Drill Bits For elastic verification the yield criterion in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.1(5) is applied, i.e. the shear stress τ is limited the steel yield stress in pure shear f y / √3: They are calculated by adding the contribution of the external boundary and then subtracting the contribution of the internal void. The plastic section modulus corresponds to the sum of first moments of the area of the two halves about a bending axis passing through the centroid.This basic online calculator is similar to a small handheld calculator and has the standard four functions for addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. Like most 4-function calculators it also includes keys for percent, square, square root and pi. This basic calculator has decimal precision up to 10 digits and offers these functions: While some basic functionality is still available, please consider enabling javascript to benefit from the more advanced features such as: