Cognate with the first etymology (same PIE root, different paths through Germanic and Old English), to stitch, and to etiquette, via French étiquette – see there for further discussion.

Hayes C: The effect of non-cariogenic sweeteners on the prevention of dental caries: a review of the evidence. J Dent Educ. 2001, 65 (10): 1106-9. The sugar alcohols used to sweeten sugar-free gum have a laxative effect when consumed in large amounts. Kumar S, Mangal CRM. A critical review on Salvadora persica: an important medicinal plant of arid zone. Int J Phytomed. 2012;4:12.

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Titanium Dioxide, which is more commonly seen as the active ingredient in sunscreen, is potentially carcinogenic (cancer-causing), according to Hyman.

The quantified microbiota plaque in those studies were collected from subgingival areas of the study participants [ 34, 39, 44]. These subgingival areas are naturally formed, when the gingival margin is sealed at the cervical of tooth (cementoenamel junction) through junctional epithelium, creating a narrow space between tooth surface [ 60]. Such anatomical arrangement may limit the mechanical action of siwak and as a result, subgingival plaque remains undisturbed. The architecture of established multispecies community of oral biofilm make them tolerant to antibacterial compound [ 61], unless an appropriate method, such as by using siwak or any other toothcleaning method is able to remove the subgingival plaque within these areas. The adverse effect of siwak practice on periodontal health Bubblegum bubbles are formed when the tension and elasticity of gum polymers acts against the constant and equally dispersed pressure of air being directed into the gum bolus. Bubble gum bubbles are circular because pressure from the focused air being directed into the bolus acts equally on all of the interior surfaces of the gum cud, uniformly pushing outward on all surfaces as the polymers extend. As the bubble expands, the polymers of the gum base stretch and the surface of the bubble begins to thin. When the force of the air being blown into the bubble exceeds the force that the polymers can withstand, the polymers overextend and the bubble pops. Due to the elastic attributes of chewing gum, the deflated bubble recoils and the wad of gum is ready to continue being chewed. [2] Luna B, Garver KE, Urban TA, Lazar NA, Sweeney JA. Maturation of cognitive processes from late childhood to adulthood. Child Dev. 2004;7(5):1357–72. For example, gum chewing triggers the production of saliva, which improves oral health by clearing out lingering bits of food and neutralizing the acids produced by the bacteria in your mouth.Chewing gum after a colon surgery helps the patient recover sooner. If the patient chews gum for fifteen minutes for at least four times per day, it will reduce their recovery time by a day and a half. [50] The average patient took 0.66 fewer days to pass gas and 1.10 fewer days to have a bowel movement. [51] Saliva flow and production is stimulated when gum is chewed. Gum also gets digestive juices flowing and is considered "sham feeding". [51] Sham feeding is the role of the central nervous system in the regulation of gastric secretion. Ibrahim Idris FA. Prevalence of periodontal diseases among urban and sub-urban 15 years old school children in Khartoum State. Sudan J Oral Health Res. 2016;7(1):9–18. Can you chew gum with dentures? Yes, you can, but you can’t just chew any type of gum. Here are some things to consider: However, a Dutch study from 2000 assessed the connection between BHT and stomach cancer and found that men and women who consumed BHT in usual amounts had no increased risk ( 3). Abd-El-Maeboud, KHI; Ibrahim, MI; Shalaby, DAA; Fikry, MF (2009). "Gum chewing stimulates early return of bowel motility after caesarean section". BJOG. 116 (10): 1334–39. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02225.x. PMID 19523094.