Vitamin K is the name of a group of fat-soluble vitamins that are considered essential in producing several proteins involved in both coagulation and calcium homeostasis. The term Vitamin K originally came from a german word, Koagulation, which means “ability to clot blood” or “prevent hemorrhage”. Damon Lowney (10 September 2013). "2015 Volkswagen e-Up! shows EV commitment at Frankfurt this season". Autoblog.com . Retrieved 10 September 2013. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( February 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Mike Szostech. "Volkswagen e-Golf gets EPA rated 83 mile range". My Electric Car News . Retrieved 21 October 2014.

MK7: Benefits, Side Effects, Best Time to Take It Vitamin K2 MK7: Benefits, Side Effects, Best Time to Take It

Here’s the thing: Vitamin K2 is produced by our intestinal bacteria, and a healthy microbiome will produce enough to support both bone and heart health. People with bacterial overgrowth, however, have altered Vitamin K2 metabolism. That is, the body’s microbiome can’t produce what’s needed to maintain health if the gut is experiencing bacterial overgrowth. Mike Millikin (13 March 2014). "Volkswagen: e-mobility and sustainability; Part 1, the e-Golf and Golf GTE". Green Car Congress . Retrieved 13 March 2014. The ride height is 20mm lower than the standard Golf. Golf R models equipped with the optional 'DCC' ( Dynamic Chassis Control), offer three suspension modes: 'Comfort', 'Normal', and 'Race'. Each mode adjusts the stiffness of the suspension damping, thereby offering drivers a way to change the way the vehicle responds by the push of a button. Comfort mode places the dampers in the softest setting, increasing the absorption of road imperfections allowing for a smoother and more comfortable ride. Race mode stiffens the dampers to their most aggressive setting, reducing body movements and increasing adhesion to the road for more precise high speed driving. Race mode also increases throttle response, firms up the steering for a heftier feel, and alters the shift pattern of the DSG gearbox (where fitted) as well as increases the speed of the Adaptive headlamps (AFS) response time. The Golf in its most basic Latin American configuration with 7 airbags received 5 stars for adult occupants and 5 stars for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2014, [21] and once again 5 stars for adult occupants and 5 stars for toddlers as well as the Advanced Award in 2017. [22] IIHS [ edit ]

Moderation team

VW taps electric Golf to help meet China's EV quota". Automotive News Europe. 14 July 2017 . Retrieved 21 June 2022. Compared with the previous generation, the Golf Mk7 has a more spacious cabin with greater shoulder room for the front and rear passengers, more rear legroom, and a larger boot space. It is 20mm (0.8in) wider than the Mk6, with a 59mm (2.3in) longer wheelbase. Vermeer C, Raes J, van’t Hoofd C, Knapen MHJ, Xanthoulea S. Menaquinone content of cheese. Nutrients 2018;10: 446; doi:10.3390/nu10040446

MK-7 on bone mineral density and The effect of vitamin MK-7 on bone mineral density and

Vitamin K 2, the main storage form in animals, has several subtypes, which differ in isoprenoid chain length. These vitamin K 2 homologues are called menaquinones, and are characterized by the number of isoprenoid residues in their side chains. Menaquinones are abbreviated MK- n, where M stands for menaquinone, the K stands for vitamin K, and the n represents the number of isoprenoid side chain residues. For example, menaquinone-4 (abbreviated MK-4) has four isoprene residues in its side chain. Menaquinone-4 (also known as menatetrenone from its four isoprene residues) is the most common type of vitamin K 2 in animal products since MK-4 is normally synthesized from vitamin K 1 in certain animal tissues (arterial walls, pancreas, and testes) by replacement of the phytyl tail with an unsaturated geranylgeranyl tail containing four isoprene units, thus yielding menaquinone-4 which is Water Soluble in nature. This homolog of vitamin K 2 may have enzyme functions distinct from those of vitamin K 1. Many bacteria synthesize menaquinones from chorismic acid. They use it as a part of the electron transport chain, playing a similar role as other quinones such as ubiquinone. Oxygen, heme, and menaquinones are needed for many species of lactic acid bacteria to conduct respiration. [33] Osteocalcin has been used as a biomarker for bone metabolism. Vitamin K deficiency leads to an increase in serum ucOC, and a high serum ucOC level has been associated with hip fractures [ 50, 51], and has been recognized as an independent risk factor for fractures. Since 2007, serum ucOC has been used as a diagnostic marker to evaluate vitamin K deficiency in bones in Japan. A smaller dose of MK-7 can γ-carboxylate OC compared to doses of K1 or MK-4. A supplemental intake of 250–1000 µg/day of vitamin K1 activates OC [ 52], which is higher than the current RDIs of vitamin K in most countries. A markedly higher dose of MK-4 (600–1500 µg/day) is required to activate OC [ 53, 54], as it has been shown to have a very short half-life in humans [ 37] and it is poorly absorbed [ 55]. Nutritional doses of MK-4, such as the consecutive intake of 60 µg/day or a single intake of 420 μg, have shown to be ineffective [ 55]. In contrast, MK-7 at doses around the current RDI (90–180 µg/day) promoted OC carboxylation [ 35, 38, 56]. A study demonstrated that MK-7 derived from natto has a very long half-life in the serum and induces more complete carboxylation of OC compared to vitamin K1 in humans [ 57]. Car of the Year 2013: VW Golf does it again". caroftheyear.org. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 7 March 2013 . Retrieved 4 March 2013. The Golf line is available in all the relevant drive systems: the Golf TSI, including GTI, is petrol-powered; Golf TDI, including GTD, is diesel-powered; the Golf TGI is powered by compressed natural gas (CNG); the e-Golf is powered by electricity; and Golf GTE is a plug-in hybrid. The use of a modular transverse matrix assembly kit enables the manufacturing of Golf models with gasoline, diesel, natural gas, electric and hybrid drives from bumper to bumper at Volkswagen factories. [88] Retail deliveries of the e-Golf in Germany began in the second quarter of 2014. [89] U.S. sales started in selected markets during the fourth quarter of 2014. [30] The Golf GTE was launched also in the fourth quarter of 2014. [88]Radu, Mihnea (2 March 2013). "This Is the 2013 Volkswagen Golf Variant and Next Jetta SportWagen". autoevolution . Retrieved 1 June 2021. Still, there is a highly believable biological mechanism for its effectiveness and strong positive correlations with heart health in observational studies. Summary