a b Gasparini, Zulma; De la Fuente, Marcelo (2000). "Tortugas y Plesiosaurios de la Formación La Colonia (Cretácico Superior) de Patagonia, Argentina". Revista Española de Paleontología (in Spanish). 15 (1): 23.

Though relationships within the Abelisauridae are debated, Carnotaurus is consistently shown to be one of the most derived members of the family by cladistical analyses. [AP] Its nearest relative might have been Aucasaurus [34] [35] [36] [37] or Majungasaurus. [38] [39] [40] A 2008 review, in contrast, suggested that Carnotaurus was not closely related to either genus, and instead proposed Ilokelesia as its sister taxon. [AQ] Juan Canale and colleagues, in 2009, erected the new clade Brachyrostra to include Carnotaurus but not Majungasaurus; this classification has been followed by a number of studies since. [34] [37] [41] Toro had shown to heal some time later as his burns became darker and his distinct facial scar from Darius had healed.a b c d e Pascual, Rosendo; Goin, Francisco J.; González, Pablo; Ardolino, Alberto; Puerta, Pablo F. (2000). "A highly derived docodont from the Patagonian Late Cretaceous: evolutionary implications for Gondwanan mammals". Geodiversitas. 22 (3): 395–414. When you're talking about more than one dinosaur of a particular kind, you don't need to put an 's' on the end. Gerardo Mazzetta and colleagues (1998) propose that the horns might also have been used to injure or kill small prey. Though horn cores are blunt, they may have had a similar form to modern bovid horns if there was a keratinous covering. However, this would be the only reported example of horns being used as hunting weapons in animals. [22] Jaw function and diet [ edit ] Skull cast, Dinosaur Discovery Museum, Kenosha, Wisconsin The Carnotaurus was created using the 3D model that was created for 2018's Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom by Industrial Light & Magic, as well as audio files provided by Universal Pictures to create the most authentic representation of the dinosaur. [7] Its roars are similar to that of the Carnotaurus that appear in the movies, consisting of vocalizations from an orangutan and styrofoam with a double bass bow.

Calvo, Jorge O.; Rubilar-Rogers, David; Moreno, Karen (2004). "A new Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from northwest Patagonia". Ameghiniana. 41 (4): 555–563. Sereno, Paul (2005). "Carnotaurinae". Taxon Search. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012 . Retrieved December 29, 2012. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Bonaparte, José F.; Novas, Fernando E.; Coria, Rodolfo A. (1990). " Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte, the horned, lightly built carnosaur from the Middle Cretaceous of Patagonia" (PDF). Contributions in Science. 416: 1–41. doi: 10.5962/p.226819. S2CID 132580445. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2010. Toro appears briefly in Yasmina's trauma induced nightmare, alongside the Indominus rex, a Ceratosaurus, and the Scorpios rex. More recent studies of the skin of Carnotaurus published in 2021 suggest that previous depictions of the scales on the body are inaccurate, and the larger feature scales were randomly distributed along the body, not distributed in discrete rows like in older artistic depictions and illustrations. There is also no sign of progressive size variation in feature scales along different areas along the body. The basement scales of Carnotaurus were by comparison highly variable, ranging in size from small and elongated, to large and polygonal, and from circular-to-lenticular in the thoracic, scapular, and tail regions, respectively. This scale differentiation may have been related to regulating body heat and shedding excess heat via thermoregulation due to its large body size and active lifestyle. [33] Classification [ edit ] Restored cast of the holotype, Museu de Ciências Naturais da PUC Minas Forelimb bonesToro's name is Spanish for "bull" and a reference to both a Carnotaurus' horns resemblance to cattle horns as well as to Carnotaurus, which is Greek for "meat-eating bull". Snively, Eric; Cotton, John R.; Witmer, Lawrence; Ridgely, Ryan; Theodor, Jessica (2011). "Finite element comparison of cranial sinus function in the dinosaur Majungasaurus and head-clubbing giraffes". Summer Bioengineering Conference. Vol.54587. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. pp.1075–1076.