One 5-day test-tube study found that exposing human tooth enamel to energy drinks for 15 minutes, 4 times a day resulted in significant and irreversible loss of tooth enamel ( 17). While occasionally drinking Red Bull is unlikely to have any serious effects on kidney health, research suggests that chronic and excessive intake could. Additionally, research indicates a link between high sugar intake and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease ( 19, 20, 21). A change in heartbeat rhythm can lead to certain types of arrhythmias that may result in sudden death, especially in those with high blood pressure or heart disease ( 39). First sold in 1987 in Austria, Red Bull is a carbonated beverage containing caffeine, as well as other energy-boosting compounds, including several B vitamins and taurine ( 1).

I struggled massively. Since Lap 1, I ran out of water, I couldn't drink at all," he said, when he finally had the strength to speak to Jenson Button for a post-race interview. "I think by the middle of the second stint it was starting to get pretty difficult, losing strength. I think my toughest ever physically," he shared. However, the average half-life of caffeine in the blood ranges from 1.5–9.5 hours, which means it could take up to 9.5 hours for your caffeine blood levels to drop to half of its original amount ( 29).And so for every single Ocean Bottle sold, we fund the collection of 1000 plastic bottles before they enter the ocean. As one small 8.4-ounce (260-ml) can of Red Bull provides 75 mg of caffeine, drinking more than 5 cans per day could increase your risk of caffeine overdose ( 2). While the ingredients in Red Bull may provide a boost of energy, they may also cause short- and long-term side effects — especially in larger quantities. Summary

Symptoms of caffeine overdose and toxicity can include nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, anxiety, rapid heart rate, dizziness, trouble sleeping, and seizures ( 31). Summary

As Red Bull is high in sugar, frequent and excessive intake may increase your risk. May increase high-risk behavior While safe doses of caffeine vary by individual, current research recommends limiting caffeine to 400 mg per day or less in healthy adults ( 28).

Of course, not everyone who drinks Red Bull will experience an increase in high-risk behaviors. Still, it’s important to be aware of the potential risks, especially in younger adults and when alcohol is involved. May lead to caffeine overdose and possible toxicity

While the exact composition varies by country, additional ingredients in Red Bull include sugar, carbonated water, baking soda, citric acid, magnesium carbonate, glucuronolactone, and artificial colors and flavors ( 1). Several studies in healthy adults have shown that drinking one 12-ounce (355-ml) can of Red Bull significantly increased blood pressure and heart rate levels within 90 minutes and up to 24 hours after consumption ( 6, 7, 8, 9). One recent study in 34 healthy adults found that drinking 32-ounces (946 ml) of Red Bull daily for 3 days resulted in significant changes to the interval between heartbeats ( 39). Blood pressure and heart rate are two important measures for heart health, as increased levels have been associated with a higher risk of hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart disease ( 4, 5). Many factors affect how much caffeine you have to consume for it to be dangerous and potentially life-threatening.