a b c d e f g h Williams, David R. (December 23, 2021). "Jupiter Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on December 29, 2019 . Retrieved October 13, 2017. It turned out very well. I was there for 35 years in the end, on this piece of land. I think I lost… I think I sacrificed a fair amount by doing that. The book had become so important in the UK, it was very well known. If I’d lived in the UK then I could probably have used that notoriety, or whatever you want to call it, I could probably have used that to have developed a completely different life to the one that I have actually led. I’m not at all sure it would have been a better one, no idea at all.

The next mission to encounter Jupiter was the Ulysses solar probe. In February 1992, it performed a flyby manoeuvre to attain a polar orbit around the Sun. During this pass, the spacecraft studied Jupiter's magnetosphere, although it had no cameras to photograph the planet. The spacecraft passed by Jupiter six years later, this time at a much greater distance. [170] Haisch Jr., K. E.; Lada, E. A.; Lada, C. J. (2001). "Disc Frequencies and Lifetimes in Young Clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 553 (2): 153–156. arXiv: astro-ph/0104347. Bibcode: 2001ApJ...553L.153H. doi: 10.1086/320685. S2CID 16480998. Stevenson, D. J.; Bodenheimer, P.; Lissauer, J. J.; D'Angelo, G. (2022). "Mixing of Condensable Constituents with H-He during the Formation and Evolution of Jupiter". The Planetary Science Journal. 3 (4): id.74. arXiv: 2202.09476. Bibcode: 2022PSJ.....3...74S. doi: 10.3847/PSJ/ac5c44. S2CID 247011195.In 1932, Rupert Wildt identified absorption bands of ammonia and methane in the spectra of Jupiter. [160] Three long-lived anticyclonic features called "white ovals" were observed in 1938. For several decades they remained as separate features in the atmosphere, sometimes approaching each other but never merging. Finally, two of the ovals merged in 1998, then absorbed the third in 2000, becoming Oval BA. [161] Radiotelescope research Image of Jupiter and its radiation belts in radio In the solar system, the center of mass for most sun-planet systems (sun-Earth, sun-Venus, etc.) lies inside of our enormous star. But because Jupiter is so massive, the center of mass within the sun-Jupiter system actually lies outside of the diameter of the sun. It is the only planet whose center of mass is not located with the solar boundaries. As Jupiter orbits the sun, the giant world actually tugs on its star. Viewing similar wobbles in other stars allowed scientists to spot some of the first exoplanets. How long does it take to reach Jupiter?

There is great interest in missions to study Jupiter's larger icy moons, which may have subsurface liquid oceans. [187] Funding difficulties have delayed progress, causing NASA's JIMO ( Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter) to be cancelled in 2005. [188] A subsequent proposal was developed for a joint NASA/ ESA mission called EJSM/Laplace, with a provisional launch date around 2020. EJSM/Laplace would have consisted of the NASA-led Jupiter Europa Orbiter and the ESA-led Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter. [189] However, the ESA formally ended the partnership in April 2011, citing budget issues at NASA and the consequences on the mission timetable. Instead, ESA planned to go ahead with a European-only mission to compete in its L1 Cosmic Vision selection. [190] These plans have been realized as the European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE), launched on April 14, 2023, [191] followed by NASA's Europa Clipper mission, scheduled for launch in 2024. [192] Views of Jupiter from JunoCam Jupiter has a faint planetary ring system composed of three main segments: an inner torus of particles known as the halo, a relatively bright main ring, and an outer gossamer ring. [125] These rings appear to be made of dust, whereas Saturn's rings are made of ice. [65] :65 The main ring is most likely made out of material ejected from the satellites Adrastea and Metis, which is drawn into Jupiter because of the planet's strong gravitational influence. New material is added by additional impacts. [126] In a similar way, the moons Thebe and Amalthea are believed to produce the two distinct components of the dusty gossamer ring. [126] There is evidence of a fourth ring that may consist of collisional debris from Amalthea that is strung along the same moon's orbit. [127] Orbit and rotation Orbit of Jupiter and other outer Solar System planets Bodenheimer, P. (1974). "Calculations of the early evolution of Jupiter". Icarus. 23. 23 (3): 319–325. Bibcode: 1974Icar...23..319B. doi: 10.1016/0019-1035(74)90050-5. The European Space Agency plans to launch its JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission to Jupiter in June 2022. JUICE will rely on gravity assists from Venus and Earth to make the 7.6-year cruise to the giant planet. Jupiter has been called the Solar System's vacuum cleaner [214] because of its immense gravity well and location near the inner Solar System. There are more impacts on Jupiter, such as comets, than on any other planet in the Solar System. [215] For example, Jupiter experiences about 200 times more asteroid and comet impacts than Earth. [61] In the past, scientists believed that Jupiter partially shielded the inner system from cometary bombardment. [61] However, computer simulations in 2008 suggest that Jupiter does not cause a net decrease in the number of comets that pass through the inner Solar System, as its gravity perturbs their orbits inward roughly as often as it accretes or ejects them. [216] This topic remains controversial among scientists, as some think it draws comets towards Earth from the Kuiper belt, while others believe that Jupiter protects Earth from the Oort cloud. [217]Ted is concerned about the fact that it’s too easy to travel the world doing little more than skimming across the surface of the countries along the way. “There’s nothing wrong with a person heading out to explore the world on a motorcycle, or any form of transport, with no greater aim than to see some of the world and to be out of the places they know well. But it’s a missed opportunity if the traveller doesn’t look deeper. Deeper within the countries and cultures they are travelling through, and within themselves.” Niemann, H. B.; Atreya, S. K.; Carignan, G. R.; Donahue, T. M.; Haberman, J. A.; etal. (1996). "The Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer: Composition of Jupiter's Atmosphere". Science. 272 (5263): 846–849. Bibcode: 1996Sci...272..846N. doi: 10.1126/science.272.5263.846. PMID 8629016. S2CID 3242002. As I was heading into Serbia I did what was my first, and I hope last ever wheelie. Of course it was in a petrol station with an audience, and actually I did a lot of damage to the bike but the local people helped me sort things out. Thankfully I didn’t damage myself very much.

Simpson, J. A.; Weiner, E. S. C. (1989). "Jupiter". Oxford English Dictionary. Vol.8 (2nded.). Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861220-9. Guillot, Tristan; Gautier, Daniel; Hubbard, William B (December 1997). "NOTE: New Constraints on the Composition of Jupiter from Galileo Measurements and Interior Models". Icarus. 130 (2): 534–539. arXiv: astro-ph/9707210. Bibcode: 1997Icar..130..534G. doi: 10.1006/icar.1997.5812. S2CID 5466469. a b Bosman, A. D.; Cridland, A. J.; Miguel, Y. (December 2019). "Jupiter formed as a pebble pile around the N2 ice line". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 632: 5. arXiv: 1911.11154. Bibcode: 2019A&A...632L..11B. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201936827. S2CID 208291392. L11. He went on to tell us, “One of the aims of The Ted Simon Foundation is to encourage overlanders to travel with the ambition to learn about the places they are travelling through. There is no better way to get to know people and their culture than to live and perhaps even work with them for a while. Most overlanders stumble across opportunities, but I want to encourage them to travel with intent.” He rounded that comment off with this, “The dumbest question I get asked is ‘why did you do your four year journey’? Why would you not want to know what’s going on in the world?” Because both planets travel in an elliptical path around the sun, Jupiter's distance from Earth is constantly changing. When the two planets are at their closest point, the distance to Jupiter is only 365 million miles (588 million kilometers). From its closest point, Jupiter shines so brightly that even Venus dims in comparison. At its farthest, the gas giant lies 601 million miles (968 million km) away.Johnson, Charles (Fall 2011), "Book Review; Ted Simon (review of Jupiter's Travels, Riding High, and Dreaming of Jupiter", International Journal of Motorcycle Studies, 7 (2) , retrieved 10 November 2011 With this in mind, I was painfully aware that Ted must have discussed a journey made four decades earlier more than enough for two lifetimes. I asked him if he minded covering old ground again. a b c Pirani, S.; Johansen, A.; Bitsch, B.; Mustill, A.J.; Turrini, D. (March 2019). "Consequences of planetary migration on the minor bodies of the early solar system". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 623: A169. arXiv: 1902.04591. Bibcode: 2019A&A...623A.169P. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833713.

The axial tilt of Jupiter is relatively small, only 3.13°, so its seasons are insignificant compared to those of Earth and Mars. [132] A 340-kilogram titanium atmospheric probe was released from the spacecraft in July 1995, entering Jupiter's atmosphere on December 7. [61] It parachuted through 150km (93mi) of the atmosphere at a speed of about 2,575km/h (1600mph) [61] and collected data for 57.6minutes until the spacecraft was destroyed. [177] The Galileo orbiter itself experienced a more rapid version of the same fate when it was deliberately steered into the planet on September 21, 2003. NASA destroyed the spacecraft to avoid any possibility of the spacecraft crashing into and possibly contaminating the moon Europa, which may harbour life. [176] His first book, The Chequered Year, or "Grand Prix Year" (U.S. 1972), was an account of the 1970 Formula One season.Li, Liming; Jiang, X.; West, R. A.; Gierasch, P. J.; Perez-Hoyos, S.; Sanchez-Lavega, A.; Fletcher, L. N.; Fortney, J. J.; Knowles, B.; Porco, C. C.; Baines, K. H.; Fry, P. M.; Mallama, A.; Achterberg, R. K.; Simon, A. A.; Nixon, C. A.; Orton, G. S.; Dyudina, U. A.; Ewald, S. P.; Schmude, R. W. (2018). "Less absorbed solar energy and more internal heat for Jupiter". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 3709. Bibcode: 2018NatCo...9.3709L. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06107-2. PMC 6137063. PMID 30213944.