At the 2021 census, 1.7% of Sydney's population identified as being Indigenous — Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders. [N 3] [326] Language [ edit ] Main article: Culture of Sydney Science, art, and history [ edit ] The Art Gallery of New South Wales, located in The Domain, is the fourth largest public gallery in Australia. Auburn Botanical Gardens". chah.gov.au. Archived from the original on 6 October 2009 . Retrieved 4 October 2009. Creagh, Sunanda. "Sydney smashes temperature records but heatwave nearly over". The Conversation. The Conversation Media Group . Retrieved 21 January 2013.

Whyte, Robert; Anderson, Greg (2017). A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia. Clayton VIC: CSIRO Publishing. Sydney (Observatory Hill): highest temperatures". Bureau of Meteorology . Retrieved 23 September 2023.

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Further information: Climate change in Australia and Renewable energy in Australia Air quality [ edit ] George Street and bushfire smoke in December 2019 Birch, Alan; Macmillan, David S. (1982). The Sydney Scene, 1788-1960 (2nded.). Sydney: Hale and Iremonger. pp.105–06. ISBN 0868060178. Unemployment in the City of Sydney averaged 4.6% for the decade to 2013, much lower than the current rate of unemployment in Western Sydney of 7.3%. [275] [291] Western Sydney continues to struggle to create jobs to meet its population growth despite the development of commercial centres like Parramatta. Each day about 200,000 commuters travel from Western Sydney to the CBD and suburbs in the east and north of the city. [291] Note: The names and territory boundaries do not always correspond with those used by contemporary Aboriginal groups of the greater Sydney area. [38] [39] [40]

Degotardi, Peter (1 February 2004). The Month in Review (PDF) (Report). Herron Todd White Property Advisors. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2006. When the six colonies federated on 1 January 1901, Sydney became the capital of the State of New South Wales. The spread of bubonic plague in 1900 prompted the state government to modernise the wharves and demolish inner-city slums. The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 saw more Sydney males volunteer for the armed forces than the Commonwealth authorities could process, and helped reduce unemployment. Those returning from the war in 1918 were promised "homes fit for heroes" in new suburbs such as Daceyville and Matraville. "Garden suburbs" and mixed industrial and residential developments also grew along the rail and tram corridors. [61] The population reached one million in 1926, after Sydney had regained its position as the most populous city in Australia. [80] The government created jobs with massive public projects such as the electrification of the Sydney rail network and building the Sydney Harbour Bridge. [81] Sydney Harbour Bridge opening day, 19 March 1932The inner suburbs include Centennial Park and Moore Park in the east (both within the City of Sydney local government area), while the outer suburbs contain Sydney Park and Royal National Park in the south, Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in the north, and Western Sydney Parklands in the west, which is one of the largest urban parks in the world. The Royal National Park was proclaimed in 1879 and with 13,200ha (51sqmi) is the second oldest national park in the world. [260] The Anzac War Memorial in Hyde Park is a public memorial dedicated to the achievement of the Australian Imperial Force of World War I. [261] First played in Sydney in 1865, rugby grew to be the city's most popular football code by the 1880s. One-tenth of the state's population attended a New South Wales versus New Zealand rugby match in 1907. [378] Rugby league separated from rugby union in 1908. The New South Wales Waratahs contest the Super Rugby competition, while the Sydney Rays represent the city in the National Rugby Championship. The national Wallabies rugby union team competes in Sydney in international matches such as the Bledisloe Cup, Rugby Championship, and World Cup. Sydney is home to nine of the sixteen teams in the National Rugby League competition: Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Penrith Panthers, Parramatta Eels, South Sydney Rabbitohs, St George Illawarra Dragons, Sydney Roosters, and Wests Tigers. New South Wales contests the annual State of Origin series against Queensland. Helen Davidson (12 May 2014). "Roaring Forties' shift south means more droughts for southern Australia". The Guardian . Retrieved 2 November 2022.

The Sydney Opera House is the home of Opera Australia and Sydney Symphony. It has staged over 100,000 performances and received 100million visitors since opening in 1973. [234] Two other important performance venues in Sydney are Town Hall and the City Recital Hall. The Sydney Conservatorium of Music is located adjacent to the Royal Botanic Garden and serves the Australian music community through education and its biannual Australian Music Examinations Board exams. [347] A concert at the Sydney Opera House

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Latta, David (2006). "Showcase destinations Sydney, Australia: the harbour city". Archived from the original on 9 April 2014 . Retrieved 12 July 2014. Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to the south. a b c d "Regional Population - 2021-22 final". Australian Bureau of Statistics . Retrieved 19 August 2023.