Overall, if you are into retinoids, Retinal is a really awesome and well-proven member of the family that is absolutely worth trying. Last, but not least, we want to mention a pretty big (but subjectively evaluated), Avene (the French pharmacy brand famous for its Retinal products) sponsored study that examined the tolerability and efficacy of a 0. Even better, a 12-weeks, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 65 volunteers confirmed the effectiveness of our skin-lightening molecule and it measured an average of 88% skin-lightening improvement. It has been used for a long time in the food industry as an "anti-browning agent" for fresh-cut fruits or shrimps. For example, in case of AHA or BHA exfoliants, the right pH is super-duper important, and pH adjusters like sodium hydroxide are needed.

You can usually find it right in the very first spot of the ingredient list, meaning it’s the biggest thing out of all the stuff that makes up the product. Another advantage of squalane is that it is pretty much compatible with all skin types and skin conditions. INCI is a list of the standardized and internationally accepted names used in the declaration of ingredients on cosmetic and personal care products. Clinical study in 41 individuals, 100% women, under dermatological and ophthalmological control, 1 application per day.It’s a nice ingredient that just feels good on the skin, is super well tolerated by every skin type and easy to formulate with. c. puts it in his awesome blog post, squalane's main things are " emolliency , surface occlusion, and TEWL prevention all with extreme cosmetic elegance". A clear, colorless and odorless, highly volatile (meaning it does not absorb into the skin but evaporates from it) liquid that's used as an emollient and gives a nice, non-oily light skin-feel. A super common, waxy, white, solid stuff that helps water and oil to mix together, gives body to creams and leaves the skin feeling soft and smooth. Its brilliant…i have suffered with acne from the age of 14 and have tried almost every cream on the market to try and tame it and nothing really hits the spot like this one….

The big difference is supposed to be that chemical agents absorb UV-light while physical agents reflect it like a bunch of mini umbrellas on top of the skin. The good tolerability of retinal was also confirmed by another study that compared retinol (ROL), retinal (RAL) and retinoic acid (RA). This is the first product I’ve seen to target both of my top concerns at once and actually do the job.Retinol is like a grandkid, it has to be converted (through two steps) in the skin to become retinoic acid. A handy multi-tasker, white to light yellowish oil-loving wax that works very well in oil-in-water emulsions. So where does our current molecule, Retinal, aka Retinaldehyde fit into the family (btw, here is a nice visual family tree about who is who)?