Todd, Janet (2000), Mary Wollstonecraft, a revolutionary life London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Orion House.

In her 1857 biography The Life of Charlotte Brontë, Mrs Gaskell begins with two explanatory and descriptive chapters. The first one covers the wild countryside of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the little village of Haworth, the parsonage and the church surrounded by its vast cemetery perched on the top of a hill. The second chapter presents an overview of the social, sanitary and economic conditions of the region.a b Glen, Heather (18 March 2004). Charlotte Brontë: The Imagination in History. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199272556– via Google Books. In the American film Devotion (1946) by Curtis Bernhardt, which constitutes a biography of the Brontë sisters, Ida Lupino plays Emily, Olivia de Havilland plays Charlotte, and Nancy Coleman plays Anne. Fraser, Rebecca (1988). The Brontës: Charlotte Brontë and her family. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0-517-56438-6. Brontë's friendship with Elizabeth Gaskell, while not particularly close, was significant in that Gaskell wrote the first biography of Brontë after her death in 1855. Lee, Colin (2004). "Currer, Frances Mary Richardson (1785–1861)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol.1. Oxford University Press. d

Anne's health began to decline rapidly, like that of her brother and sister some months earlier. On 5 April 1849, she wrote to Ellen Nussey asking her to accompany her to Scarborough on the east coast. Anne confides her thoughts to Ellen: The following year she died aged 38. The cause of death given at the time was tuberculosis, but it may have been complicated with typhoid fever (the water at Haworth being likely contaminated due to poor sanitation and the vast cemetery that surrounded the church and the parsonage) and hyperemesis gravidarum from her pregnancy that was in its early stage. [110] Barker, Juliet R.V. (1995). The Brontës (1st U.S.ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p.440. ISBN 0312145551. OCLC 32701664. However, from 1831 onwards, Emily and Anne 'seceded' from the Glass Town Confederacy to create a 'spin-off' called Gondal, which included many of their poems. [9] [10] After 1831, Charlotte and Branwell concentrated on an evolution of the Glass Town Confederacy called Angria. [5] [11] Christine Alexander, a Brontë juvenilia historian, [12] wrote "both Charlotte and Branwell ensured the consistency of their imaginary world. When Branwell exuberantly kills off important characters in his manuscripts, Charlotte comes to the rescue and, in effect, resurrects them for the next stories [...]; and when Branwell becomes bored with his inventions, such as the Glass Town magazine he edits, Charlotte takes over his initiative and keeps the publication going for several more years". [13] :6–7 The sagas the siblings created were episodic and elaborate, and they exist in incomplete manuscripts, some of which have been published as juvenilia. They provided them with an obsessive interest during childhood and early adolescence, which prepared them for literary vocations in adulthood. [5] Roe Head School, in Mirfield Emily Brontë’s only novel Wuthering Heights is now considered one of the greatest novels of the Victorian era. It’s possibly the most famous novel from any of the Brontë sisters. And personally, it’s my favorite novel of all time!

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The daughter of an Irish Anglican clergyman, Brontë was herself an Anglican. In a letter to her publisher, she claims to "love the Church of England. Her Ministers indeed, I do not regard as infallible personages, I have seen too much of them for that – but to the Establishment, with all her faults – the profane Athanasian Creed excluded – I am sincerely attached." [52]

Robert Ferrieux (2001) La littérature autobiographique en Grande Bretagne et en Irlande ( The Autobiographocal Literature of Great Britain and Ireland) chapters II and III, Paris, Ellipses, The four youngest Brontë children, all under ten years of age, had suffered the loss of the three eldest women in their immediate family. [7] At the end of 1839, Brontë said goodbye to her fantasy world in a manuscript called Farewell to Angria. More and more, she was finding that she preferred to escape to her imagined worlds over remaining in reality – and she feared that she was going mad. So she said goodbye to her characters, scenes and subjects. [...] She wrote of the pain she felt at wrenching herself from her 'friends' and venturing into lands unknown". [7] Novels [ edit ] Chapter 2, Transmission and Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis (TB)" (PDF). CDC . Retrieved 16 December 2015.Anne Brontë Remembered in Scarborough". Archived from the original on 1 January 2009 . Retrieved 23 January 2015. Wuthering Heights is presented as John Lennon's favourite book in The Sky is Everywhere, a young adult fiction novel by author Jandy Nelson. The 1946 film Devotion was a highly fictionalized account of the lives of the Brontë sisters. [82] [83] Gezari, Janet, ed. (1992). Emily Jane Brontë: The Complete Poems. Penguin Classics. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0140423524. OL 1464636M.

In the Canadian film The Carmilla Movie (2017) by Spencer Maybee, Grace Lynn Kung plays Charlotte and Cara Gee plays Emily. The Brontës ( / ˈ b r ɒ n t i z/) were a nineteenth-century literary family, born in the village of Thornton and later associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The sisters, Charlotte (1816–1855), Emily (1818–1848) and Anne (1820–1849), are well-known poets and novelists. Like many contemporary female writers, they published their poems and novels under male pseudonyms: Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Their stories attracted attention for their passion and originality immediately following their publication. Charlotte's Jane Eyre was the first to know success, while Emily's Wuthering Heights, Anne's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and other works were accepted as masterpieces of literature after their deaths. Emily Jane (1818–1848), born in Market Street, Thornton, 30 July 1818, was a poet and novelist. She died in Haworth on 19 December 1848, aged 30. Wuthering Heights was her only novel. See also: Agnes Grey Top Withens, the ruin on the moors near Haworth that inspired Wuthering Heights Anne was not as celebrated as her other two sisters. Her second novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, was prevented from being republished after Anne's death by her sister Charlotte, who wrote to her publisher that "it hardly appears to me desirable to preserve. The choice of subject in that work is a mistake, it was too little consonant with the character, tastes and ideas of the gentle, retiring inexperienced writer." This prevention is considered to be the main reason for Anne's being less renowned than her sisters. [94] The letter from Anne to Ellen Nussey, of 5 April 1849.

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The children's imagination was also influenced by three prints of engravings in mezzotint by John Martin around 1820. Charlotte and Branwell made copies of the prints Belshazzar's Feast, Déluge, and Joshua Commanding the Sun to Stand Still upon Gibeon (1816), which hung on the walls of the parsonage. [46] Want to know more about the Brontës? Same, honestly. For a fascinating and comprehensive look at the family’s history and their works, I highly recommend The Brontë Mythby Lucasta Miller, which is how I confirmed many of the dates and details for this blog post. This book is just a wealth of Brontë knowledge, and it’s a great read! In 1848 Brontë began work on the manuscript of her second novel, Shirley. It was only partially completed when the Brontë family suffered the deaths of three of its members within eight months. In September 1848 Branwell died of chronic bronchitis and marasmus, exacerbated by heavy drinking, although Brontë believed that his death was due to tuberculosis. Branwell may have had a laudanum addiction. Emily became seriously ill shortly after his funeral and died of pulmonary tuberculosis in December 1848. Anne died of the same disease in May 1849. Brontë was unable to write at this time.