From there, they migrated along the Pacific Coast and into the interior and constructed large multi-family dwellings in their villages, which were used only seasonally in the summer to hunt and fish, and in the winter to gather food supplies. After American victory at Saratoga, France, the Netherlands, and Spain began providing support to the Continental Army.

Upon Europeans' arrival in the " New World", indigenous peoples had a variety of reactions, including curiosity, trading, cooperation, resignation, and resistance. Early in the 21st century, the United States experienced the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a negative effect on communities. Native groups also are classified by their language families, which included Athapascan and Uto-Aztecan languages.The American Indian Wars continued in the 1780s as settlers moved west, prompting Native American attacks on American civilians and in turn prompting American attacks on Native American civilians. An upper-class emerged in South Carolina and Virginia, with wealth based on large plantations operated by slave labor. Further information: British colonization of the Americas English peasants settling the east of North Carolina in earnest.

S., such as those in Southern California and Houston, Phoenix, Miami, Atlanta, and Las Vegas, are experiencing rapid growth. S. and English Canada have many cultural similarities, while French Canada has a distinct culture from Anglophone Canada, which is protected by law. The receding of oceans during successive ice ages may have enabled migrants to cross the land bridge as far back as 40,000 years.Mexico fought a lengthy war for independence from Spain, winning it for Mexico (which included Central America at the time) in 1821. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama that connected the continent to South America arguably occurred approximately 12 to 15 mya, [56] and the Great Lakes (as well as many other northern freshwater lakes and rivers) were carved by receding glaciers about 10,000 years ago. The Mayan culture was still present in southern Mexico and Guatemala when the Spanish conquistadors arrived, but political dominance in the area had shifted to the Aztec Empire, whose capital city Tenochtitlan was located further north in the Valley of Mexico. The western mountains are split in the middle into the main range of the Rockies and the coast ranges in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, with the Great Basin—a lower area containing smaller ranges and low-lying deserts—in between.

However, relatively small parts of North America in Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Central America have indigenous populations that continue adhering to their respective pre-European colonial cultural and linguistic traditions.The Paleo-Indian period in North America followed the Last Glacial Period, and lasted until about 10,000 years ago when the Archaic period began. Acta Solemne de la Declaración de Independencia de la América Septentrional"[Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America]. Present-day cultural and ethnic patterns reflect interactions between European colonists, indigenous peoples, African slaves, immigrants from Europe, Asia, and descendants of these respective groups. The early British colonies were established by private groups seeking profit, and were marked by starvation, disease, and Native American attacks.

Watson Brake is an 11-mound complex in Louisiana that dates to 3,500 BCE, and nearby Poverty Point, built by the Poverty Point culture, is an earthwork complex that dates to 1,700 BCE. Tropical climates appear in the island regions and in the subcontinent's bottleneck, found in countries and states bathed by the Caribbean Sea or to the south of the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean.

A later migration identified by linguists, anthropologists, and archeologists occurred around 8,000 BCE. S. speaking an indigenous language at home, [95] about 225,000 in Canada [96] and roughly 6 million in Mexico. As a result of the development of agriculture in the south, many other cultural advances were made there. The term Anglo-America is used to refer to the anglophone countries of the Americas: namely Canada (where English and French are co-official) and the U.