Adequate Intake (AI): Intake at this level is assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy; established when evidence is insufficient to develop an RDA For example, one study found that oral selenium supplements improved overall quality of life and reduced radiation-induced diarrhea in women with cervical and uterine cancer ( 10). Rumah Sakit Royal Progress memiliki luas tanah sebesar 13.200 m2 dan gedung 9 lantai. Rumah sakit ini dilengkapi dengan berbagai fasilitas medis yang modern dan canggih, antara lain Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) 24 jam, Rawat Inap, Rawat Jalan, Pelayanan Diagnostik dan Perawatan Intensif, Pelayanan Home Care, dan Pelayanan Telemedicine.

Kafai MR, Ganji V. Sex, age, geographical location, smoking, and alcohol consumption influence serum selenium concentrations in the USA: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2003;17:13-8. [ PubMed abstract]

This is a fact sheet intended for health professionals. For a general overview of Selenium, see our consumer fact sheet on Selenium. Introduction The body needs selenium for normal growth and health. Selenium is needed for certain enzymes that help with normal body functions.

Stone CA, Kawai K, Kupka R, Fawzi WW. Role of selenium in HIV infection. Nutr Rev 2010;68:671-81. [ PubMed abstract] In an analysis of 25 observational studies, a 50% increase in blood selenium levels was associated with a 24% reduction in the risk of heart disease ( 11).

As discussed earlier, Brazil nuts contain very high amounts of selenium (68–91 mcg per nut) and could cause selenium toxicity if consumed regularly. Acute selenium toxicity has resulted from the ingestion of misformulated over-the-counter products containing very large amounts of selenium [ 2, 5]. In 2008, for example, 201 people experienced severe adverse reactions from taking a liquid dietary supplement containing 200 times the labeled amount [ 66]. Acute selenium toxicity can cause severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms; acute respiratory distress syndrome; myocardial infarction; hair loss; muscle tenderness; tremors; lightheadedness; facial flushing; kidney failure; cardiac failure; and, in rare cases, death [ 2, 6]. Bleys J, Navas-Acien A, Laclaustra M, Pastor-Barriuso R, Menke A, Ordovas J, et al. Serum selenium and peripheral arterial disease: results from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2003-2004. Am J Epidemiol 2009;169:996-1003. [ PubMed abstract] Selenium plays an important role in the health of your immune system. This antioxidant helps lower oxidative stress in your body, which reduces inflammation and enhances immunity. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2000. Chen J. An original discovery: selenium deficiency and Keshan disease (an endemic heart disease). Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2012;21:320-6. [ PubMed abstract]

Excess of hydrogen selenide is transformed into methylated metabolites (methyl selenol, dimethylselenide and trimethylselenonium ion) prior to being excreted into urine and/or exhaled.

Most adults can tolerate up to 100–800 mg a day of vitamin E, but long-term intake of large doses (more than 1,000 mg daily) can cause headaches, nausea, blurred vision and disturbed functions of the thyroid gland. Recently, it has been recommended that high-dose intake of vitamin E (more than 400 mg a day) should be avoided.