Esau’s son Eliphaz also had a concubine named Timna, who bore him Amalek. These were grandsons of Esau’s wife Adah. The genealogical list is qualified as the “rulers of Edom before any Israelite king reigned”. Possibly the genealogy was written after Edomite rulers reigned and before Saul became the first king of the Israelites but it is possible that the writer presupposed Israelite kings would one-day rule in the future (several verses promised kings would rule over the people). The theory is supported by the list itself. No date is given for the death of Hadar (Hadad), the last ruler in the list. This implies Hadad was still alive when the list was created. Later, in Chronicles, Hadad will be listed as a king that had died suggesting the list in Chronicles is an updated version of the one in Genesis. How accurate is Esau’s genealogy? Shatzman, Israel. 2012. The Expansionist Policy of John Hyrcanus and his Relations with Rome. In Iudaea Socia—Iudaea Capta: Atti del Convegno Internazionale, Cividale del Friuli, 22–24 Settembre 2011. Edited by Gianpaolo Urso. Pisa: Edizioni ETS, pp. 29–78. [ Google Scholar] These were the chiefs of the Horites: chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief Zibeon, chief Anah, 36:30 chief Dishon, chief Ezer, chief Dishan. These were the chiefs of the Horites, according to their chief lists in the land of Seir.

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