a b McGee, Luke (3 June 2021). "Britain's royals have denied being a racist family. Archived papers reveal recent racist past". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 June 2021 . Retrieved 6 August 2021. Thomas, Tobi (23 March 2022). "What are the British monarchy's historical links to slavery?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022.

At a meeting of the Privy Council on 17 July 1917, George V declared that 'all descendants in the male line of Queen Victoria, who are subjects of these realms, other than female descendants who marry or who have married, shall bear the name of Windsor'. The second house of Lancaster was descended from John of Gaunt, who married the heiress of the first house, Blanche of Lancaster. Edward III married all his sons to wealthy English heiresses rather than following his predecessors' practice of finding continental political marriages for royal princes. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, had no male heir so Edward married his son John to Henry's heiress daughter and John's third cousin Blanche of Lancaster. This gave John the vast wealth of the House of Lancaster. Their son Henry usurped the throne in 1399, creating one of the factions in the Wars of the Roses. There was an intermittent dynastic struggle between the descendants of Edward III. In these wars, the term Lancastrian became a reference to members of the family and their supporters. The family provided England with three kings: Henry IV (r. 1399–1413), Henry V (r. 1413–1422), and Henry VI (r. 1422–1461 and 1470–1471).Henry's claim was extremely tenuous. He claimed the throne through his mother's descent from Edmund on the basis that he was older than Edward I but had been set aside because of deformity. This was not widely accepted In 2019, there were 19.2 million families, an increase of 0.4% on the previous year, with a 6.8% increase over the decade from 2009 to 2019. a b c "UK Royal Family: Who is in it and how does it work?". BBC. 9 April 2021 . Retrieved 15 November 2021.

The estimates are subject to sampling variation and their precision depends on the sample size. For some smaller groups (such as civil partner couple families and same-sex cohabiting couple families), the estimates are considered less precise and should be treated with caution. Haig is one of the most inspirational popular writers on mental health of our age and, in his latest novel, he has taken a clever, engaging concept and created a heart-warming story that offers wisdom in the same deceptively simple way as Mitch Albom's best tales" Lancastrian cognatic descent from John of Gaunt and Blanche's daughter Phillipa continued in the royal houses of Spain and Portugal. [70] The remnants of the Lancastrian court party coalesced support around Henry Tudor—a relatively unknown scion of the Beauforts. They had been amongst the most ardent supporters of the House of Lancaster and were descended illegitimately from John of Gaunt by his mistress Katherine Swynford. However John of Gaunt and Katherine subsequently married and their children were legitimated by the Pope and by Parliament during the reign of Richard II. Henry IV had tried to debar them from the succession by use of his royal prerogative to avoid competition with the House of Lancaster's claims to the throne but this was of limited effect. By some calculations of primogeniture, there were as many as 18 people—including both his mother and future wife—with what some might claim a better right to the throne. By 1510, this figure had increased with the birth of an additional 16 possible Yorkist claimants. [71] Princess Anne and Prince Edward to become stand-ins for King". BBC. 15 November 2022 . Retrieved 21 February 2023.

I’m sorry, I never meant to betray the Pact,’ I say, as much to myself as my fellow Labrador. ‘But there was no other way.’ Palmer, J. J. N. (1974). "The historical context of the Book of the Duchess: a revision". Chaucer Review. 8: 253–61. Haynes, Suyin (21 November 2019). "Prince Andrew Faced Questions About Jeffrey Epstein for Years. Here's Why the Royal Family Finally Reacted". Time.com. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020 . Retrieved 6 August 2021.

Quirkily waggy tale . . . If Matt Haig ever visits you make sure he doesn’t jump on the couch . Ed Perkins, Bournemouth Daily Echo If a change or a difference between estimates is described as "statistically significant", it means that statistical tests have been carried out to reject the possibility that the change has occurred by chance. Therefore, statistically significant changes are very likely to reflect real changes in families and household structures. Belsey, Catherine (1992). "Making History". In Holderness, Graham (ed.). Shakespeare's history plays: Richard II to Henry V. Macmillan. ISBN 0333549023. Given the royal family's public role and activities, it is sometimes referred to by courtiers as "The Firm", a term that originated with George VI. [32] [33] Members of the royal family are politically and commercially independent, avoiding conflict of interest with their public roles. [34] The royal family are considered British cultural icons, with young adults from abroad naming the family among a group of people who they most associated with British culture. [35] Members are expected to promote British industry. [36] Royals are typically members of the Church of England, headed by the monarch. When in Scotland they attend the Church of Scotland as members and some have served as Lord High Commissioner to the Church of Scotland. [37] [38] explores the hidden dangers of family life from the perspective of the only family member who gets to see everything – the knee-high, four-legged observer in the corner of the room. Through Prince’s eyes (and nose) readers come to realise the secrets which hold families together and which, once dug up, can lead to their destruction. Matt Haig shows us the idiosyncrasies of our world by viewing humans through the eyes of a dog . Angela Barnes, Yorkshire Evening PostBut of course, Murdoch pays no notice and carries on barking. ‘It’s him! It’s him! The one who broke the Labrador Pact!’ Clearly destined to become a cult hit. I only wish my dog had thought of it first. -- Daily Mail, 7th May 2004 Henry VI of England (1421 † 1471), king of England, lord of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine. In 1422, under the Treaty of Troyes, he was crowned king of France and changed his armouries. Quarterly, 1st, quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, 2nd and 3rd de Burgh, 4th Mortimer [110]

Swanson, R.N. (1995). Religion and Devotion in Europe, c. 1215–c. 1515. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37950-4. So multi-faceted it could be re-read time and again... This is a remarkable book and a brilliantly entertaining read' -- The Big Issue, May 2004 The monarch's children and grandchildren (if they are children of the monarch's sons), and the children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales are automatically entitled to be known as prince or princess with the style His or Her Royal Highness (HRH). [11] Peerages, often dukedoms, are bestowed upon most princes prior to marriage. [12] [13] Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall, children of the King's sister, Princess Anne, are therefore not prince and princess. Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor and James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex, though entitled to the dignity, are not called prince and princess as their parents, the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh, wanted them to have more modest titles. [11] The King reportedly wants to reduce the number of titled members of the royal family. [14] Just as children can take their surnames from their father, so sovereigns normally take the name of their 'House' from their father. For this reason, Queen Victoria's eldest son Edward VII belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (the family name of his father Prince Albert). Edward VII's son George V became the second king of that dynasty when he succeeded to the throne in 1910.The core of the royal family is made up of King Charles III and Queen Camilla; William, Prince of Wales and Catherine, Princess of Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh and Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh. They carry out royal duties full-time. [5] Households where there is one family and one individual for example a married couple with their daughter and a lodger or a married couple with one elderly parent are classified as a one family household: couple. The Royal Family name of Windsor was confirmed by The Queen after her accession in 1952. However, in 1960, The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh decided that they would like their own direct descendants to be distinguished from the rest of the Royal Family (without changing the name of the Royal House), as Windsor is the surname used by all the male and unmarried female descendants of George V.