Gentoo Penguins are one of the most distinct-looking penguin species on our list. They have unique white patches above their eyes and bright orange beaks that immediately identify this type of penguin. While that iconic image is arguably the most well-known, there are more than twenty different types of penguins spanning every continent in the southern hemisphere.

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These penguins are prolific hunters and are constantly foraging for food throughout the day and night.

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It can be confusing to tell Allied King and regular King Penguins apart otherwise because there are no identifiable differences. Even so, the two species are genetically distinct. The largest penguin is the emperor penguin which can reach approximately 3.6 feet (1.1 meters) in height and weigh between 59.5 and 90 lbs (27 and 41 kilograms). In contrast, the smallest penguin, the little blue or the fairy penguin, is 10 – 12 inches (25 – 30 cm)in height, and its average weight is 2.2 lbs (1 kilogram).

Humboldt Penguin - National Geographic Kids

For penguin species living in Antarctica, climbing temperatures due to climate change may be altering their living environment at a rate too fast for penguins to adapt. A study released in June 2016 predicts that by the end of the 21st century roughly 60 percent of Adélie penguin colonies in Antarctica will be decreasing in size because of changing climate. Another study predicts emperor penguin populations will also decline on average by about 19 percent during the same timeframe—with two thirds of the 45 known colonies experiencing declines greater than 50 percent. The colony featured in The March of the Penguins is one such colony. Experts warn at this rate the species could be headed for extinction. At the height of Peru’s exportation of bird guano (that included guano from other birds in addition to penguins) from 1840 to 1880 the country exported roughly two hundred million tons of guano valued at 2 million dollars. Today guano harvesting is regulated in Peru, including various marine protected areas along the coast that protect marine birds. She is incredibly wise and intuitive, and is always the first to come up with new ideas in class! Version 2 [ ]

Macaroni penguin

Blue Penguin ( Eudyptula minor) –also known as the little penguin, the fairy penguin, or the little blue penguin, this is the smallest of the penguin species and gets its name from the slate-blue and indigo feathers that are found on top of its body. Adults average between 10 – 12 inches (25 – 30 cm) in height and weigh just 2.2 – 3.3 lbs (1 – 1.5 kg). These penguins are found in the coastal areas of Australia and New Zealand. Australians call them Fairy Penguins, while New Zealanders refer to them as the Little Blue penguin.