Fish may seem alien to us because they evolved in water and their senses are more adapted to an aquatic environment. Yet, like humans, fish depend on many senses for survival. Vision is a dominant sense in fish, and we humans can appreciate the capability for depth perception and color discrimination. But what happens when you attempt to see underwater? Your vision is very blurry underwater. Somehow fish solved the problem of seeing underwater. Sensory capabilities of fish are adapted to accommodate the special characteristics of the aquatic environment. How are the senses different from a shark (an open-water predator) and a flounder (benthic predator)? 3.8 Nociception

Richards, R. J., V. Raoult, D. M. Powter, and T. F. Gaston. 2018. Permanent magnets reduce bycatch of benthic sharks in an ocean trap fishery. Fisheries Research 208:16–21. Graham, Michael (1941). "Sense of Hearing in Fishes". Nature. 147 (3738): 779. Bibcode: 1941Natur.147..779G. doi: 10.1038/147779b0.Kalmijn AJ (1982). "Electric and magnetic field detection in elasmobranch fishes". Science. 218 (4575): 916–918. Bibcode: 1982Sci...218..916K. doi: 10.1126/science.7134985. PMID 7134985. Together, fish use these senses to inspect the world around them. Imagine an angler tossing a lure nearby. The fish will feel the vibrations caused by the waves moving from the lure. With wide-angle vision, the fish moves toward the lure to inspect it. With an acute sense of smell, it detects no signal that suggests it’s living. In some cases, the fish will grab a bait, taste it with sensitive taste buds, and reject it as nonfood. If captured, the fish has many sensory structures in the skin to detect touch and temperature changes. The key drivers for feeding are hunger and satiety. What is chosen to eat, however, is not determined solely by physiological or nutritional needs but by other factors such as the sensory properties of food. An encounter with food odor evokes feeding agitation and searching activity in fish and in most cases precedes grasping of the detected food item. The odor of familiar or habitual food makes fish grasp and test many previously indifferent dietary items, even those that in size, shape, or coloration only distantly remind the fish of real food. Some fish have evolved a reduced or negative capacity for some senses to match their environment. Fish in muddy water habitats often have very small eyes because vision is less important. Some fish that live in dark caves have totally lost the sense of vision. Blind cavefish use the flow-sensing capabilities of their lateral line system rather than vision to avoid swimming into obstacles. Salmon spend their early life in rivers, and then swim out to sea where they live their adult lives and gain most of their body mass. After several years wandering huge distances in the ocean where they mature, most surviving salmons return to the same natal rivers to spawn. Usually they return with uncanny precision to the river where they were born: most of them swim up the rivers until they reach the very spawning ground that was their original birthplace. [17]

Choose from multiple effects that are created where ever the game screen is touched (bubbles, starfish, fireworks) Kamermans, M., and C. Hawryshyn. 2011. Teleost polarization vision: how it might work and what it might be good for. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 366:742–756. Dingle, Hugh; Drake, V. Alistair (2007). "What is migration?". BioScience. 57 (2): 113–121. doi: 10.1641/B570206.Human activities may interfere with some sensory systems of fish, and many gaps in our understanding limit our ability to predict the influence of global changes. In some bony fish, taste and smell are dominant sensory modalities. In fact, some substances are both tasted and smelled. Taste sensors detect the presence and location of distant food sources. However, taste and smell are not just for feeding: they can also play a role in the protection of the young and in courtship. Figure 3.9: Diagram of the taste buds in fish. Kalmijn, A. J. 1971. The electric sense of sharks and rays. Journal of Experimental Biology 55:371–383. Sound perception is so critical to survival of fish that the hearing anatomy is fully developed within two days of hatching, when fish are just developing swimming and other sensory capabilities. Unlike humans, which have external ears, fish have two organs for hearing that are not obvious to the casual observer. Fish have an internal ear and an external lateral line system. The lateral line is an organ of microscopic pores primarily used to sense vibrations and pressure in the water (Figure 3.3; Montgomery et al. 2014). The pores are lined with neuromasts, which contain sensory hair cells (Figure 3.4). Each hair cell has bundles of cilia embedded in a gelatinous structure, called the cupula. Water movements deflect the cupula and ciliabundles, creating a change in membrane potential that is transmitted to the sensory neuron. Figure 3.4: Schematic of the lateral line system of fish. Movements of water in the lateral line canal cause the cupula to move, thereby stimulating sensory hair cells connected to nerves. Long description. This sensorial app has many unique features in comparison with other sensory based games, such as the firework, bubble, balloon pop and finger paint games available. Choose to amuse your baby with this visually stimulating, interactive, sensory game.