Inscriptions such as wagnija, niþijo, and harija are supposed to represent tribe names, tentatively proposed to be Vangiones, the Nidensis, and the Harii tribes located in the Rhineland. [23] Since names ending in -io reflect Germanic morphology representing the Latin ending -ius, and the suffix -inius was reflected by Germanic -inio-, [24] [25] the question of the problematic ending -ijo in masculine Proto-Norse would be resolved by assuming Roman (Rhineland) influences, while "the awkward ending -a of laguþewa [26] may be solved by accepting the fact that the name may indeed be West Germanic". [23] Runic (PDF) (chart), Unicode, archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-07 , retrieved 2018-03-24 . In 2nd edition, runes can be etched into weapons and armor to give them magic properties, or even transferred from one item to another. The Death Gate Cycle involves rune magic. While both the Sartans and Patryns use rune magic, the former draw them in the air, sing them, dance them, etc, while the latter inscribe them on their own bodies for use later. Some discussion is had about the importance of fitting runes together properly but in the end, the whole thing is just window dressing for a quantum superposition-based magic system in which wit and elegance trump raw power.

Runes | Sacred Wicca Runes | Sacred Wicca

The influence of the runes on their time was undeniable. Elliott writes that the tribal leaders and advisers of Anglo-Saxon England called their consultations, which they held in secret meetings, "Runes". As Bishop Wulfila translated the Bible into fourth century Gothic, he used in Markus 4, 11 ("you are given the knowledge about the secret of the kingdom of God") for the word runa "secret". Harry Potter: Ancient Runes is one of the subjects taught at the Wizarding School of Hogwarts. However, since it's an optional course that Harry doesn't take, we never see how runic magic actually works in the setting. In addition to their historic use as letters in the runic alphabets, runes were also used to represent their names ( ideographs). Such instances are sometimes referred to by way of the modern German loan word Begriffsrunen, meaning 'concept-runes' (singular Begriffsrune). The criteria for the use of Begriffsrunen and the frequency of their use by ancient rune-writers remains controversial. [54] The topic of Begriffsrunen has produced much discussion among runologists. Runologist Klaus Düwel has proposed a two-point criteria for the identification of runes as Begriffsrunen: A graphic argument and a semantic argument. [54] She goes on to give advice on the magical runes in seven further stanzas. In all instances, the runes are used for actual magic ( apotropaic or ability-enhancing spells) rather than for divination:

Besides runic divination, Flowers also advocated the "runic gymnastics" ( Runengymnastik) developed in the 1920s by Friedrich Marby, under the name of "Rune-Yoga" (also "Runic Yoga", "Stadhagaldr"). [18] Stephan Grundy [ edit ]

Runic Magic - TV Tropes Runic Magic - TV Tropes

Larrington, Carolyne (1999). The Poetic Edda. Oxford World's Classics. Translated by Larrington. ISBN 978-0-19-283946-6. Smith, Nicole; Beale, Gareth; Richards, Julian; Scholma-Mason, Nela (2018), "Maeshowe: The Application of RTI to Norse Runes (Data Paper)", Internet Archaeology (47), doi: 10.11141/ia.47.8, S2CID 165773006

The exact development of the early runic alphabet remains unclear but the script ultimately stems from the Phoenician alphabet. Early runes may have developed from the Raetic, Venetic, Etruscan, or Old Latin as candidates. At the time, all of these scripts had the same angular letter shapes suited for epigraphy, which would become characteristic of the runes and related scripts in the region.

Witches Runes: History, Meanings + How to Make Your Own

The Old English form rún survived into the early modern period as roun, which is now obsolete. The modern English rune is a later formation that is partly derived from Late Latin runa, Old Norse rún, and Danish rune. [6] History and use [ edit ] An inscription using cipher runes, the Elder Futhark, and the Younger Futhark, on the 9th-century Rök runestone in Sweden A Younger Futhark inscription on the 12th-century Vaksala Runestone in Sweden In the Sigrdrífumál, the Valkyrie Sigrdrifa presents Sigurd with a memory-draught of ale charmed with "gladness runes" and then goes on to list victory-runes to be carved on a sword-hilt, runes to protect against bewitching ale, runes to facilitate childbirth, runes to protect ships... The Younger Futhark, also called Scandinavian Futhark, is a reduced form of the Elder Futhark, consisting of only 16 characters. The reduction correlates with phonetic changes when Proto-Norse evolved into Old Norse. They are found in Scandinavia and Viking Age settlements abroad, probably in use from the 9th century onward. They are divided into long-branch (Danish) and short-twig (Swedish and Norwegian) runes. The difference between the two versions is a matter of controversy. A general opinion is that the difference between them was functional (viz., the long-branch runes were used for documentation on stone, whereas the short-twig runes were in everyday use for private or official messages on wood).

Several modern systems of runic magic and runic divination were published from the 1980s onward. The first book on runic divination, written by Ralph Blum in 1982, led to the development of sets of runes designed for use in several such systems of fortune telling, in which the runes are typically incised in clay, stone tiles, crystals, resin, glass, or polished stones, then either selected one-by-one from a closed bag or thrown down at random for reading. In medieval sources, notably the Poetic Edda, the Sigrdrífumál mentions "victory runes" to be carved on a sword, "some on the grasp and some on the inlay, and name Tyr twice." The name stems from a Proto-Germanic form reconstructed as * rūnō, which may be translated as 'secret, mystery; secret conversation; rune'. It is the source of Gothic rūna ( 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰, 'secret, mystery, counsel'), Old English rún ('whisper, mystery, secret, rune'), Old Saxon rūna ('secret counsel, confidential talk'), Middle Dutch rūne ('id'), Old High German rūna ('secret, mystery'), and Old Norse rún ('secret, mystery, rune'). [5] [6] The earliest Germanic epigraphic attestation is the Primitive Norse rūnō (accusative singular), found on the Einang stone (AD 350–400) and the Noleby stone (AD 450). [4] Blum, Ralph (2000). The Book of Runes: 20th Anniversary Edition. Eddison Sadd. pp.133–134. ISBN 1-85906-042-0. Staves or magical signs" Galdrastafir - Strandagaldur ~ Galdrasýning á Ströndum ~ Museum of Icelandic Sorcery & Witchcraft". galdrasyning.is.

Norse Magic: Seiðr, Galdr, And Runic Magic - NorseMythologist

This object was cut by thieves, damaging one of the runes. The identity of this rune was debated by scholars until a photograph of it was republished that, according to runologist Bernard Mees, clearly indicates it to have been Odal (rune). [55] To make your enemies afraid. [8] (A similar looking stave is titled Óttastafur in the Huld Manuscript.) hugrunar "thought-runes" (stanza 12, the stanza is incomplete, but clearly discussed a spell to improve one's wit). [9] William, Gareth (2007). West over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300. Brill Publishers. p.473. ISBN 9789047421214 . Retrieved 2018-05-22. In the early modern period and modern history, related folklore and superstition is recorded in the form of the Icelandic magical staves. In the early 20th century, Germanic mysticism coined new forms of "runic magic", some of which were continued or developed further by contemporary adherents of Germanic Neopaganism. Modern systems of runic divination are based on Hermeticism, classical Occultism, and the I Ching.

In the later Middle Ages, runes also were used in the clog almanacs (sometimes called Runic staff, Prim, or Scandinavian calendar) of Sweden and Estonia. The authenticity of some monuments bearing Runic inscriptions found in Northern America is disputed; most of them have been dated to modern times.