Goods that by reason of their nature, cannot be returned - (Items such as underwear, where the 'hygiene patch' has been removed, or cosmetics where the seal has been broken). a b c Setchell, J. M.; Dixson, A. F. (2001). "Changes in the secondary sexual adornments of male mandrills ( Mandrillus sphinx) are associated with gain and loss of alpha status". Hormones and Behavior. 39 (3): 177–184. doi: 10.1006/hbeh.2000.1628. PMID 11300708. S2CID 7560147.

For instance, the green monkey, a vervet native to West Africa and the West Indies, has genitalia that turns a pale blue or even white in adulthood. Red butts in monkeys and other primates serve various purposes, including indicating fertility and social status. It’s fascinating that some monkeys have more vibrant and colorful butts than others. While some, like the mandrills, have multicolored bums, others, like the Celebes crested macaque, have outrageously swollen and bright red butts.

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Unlike many monkeys with blue butts, monkeys with red butts are mostly females. Also, monkeys with red butts are relatively common like monkeys with blue butts. But, again, the reason seems closely tied to mating. Females use their red butts to signal males when they’re in heat and ready to mate. So let’s look at the red-butt vs blue-butt monkeys. Red-Butt Baboons Male baboons have red butts that primatologists believe help to attract females and warn off predators. a b c d e f g Hoshino, J. (1985). "Feeding ecology of mandrills ( Mandrillus sphinx) in Campo Animal Reserve, Cameroon". Primates. 26 (3): 248–273. doi: 10.1007/BF02382401. S2CID 12216632. a b Tutin, C. E.; Ham, R. M.; White, L. J.; Harrison, M. J. (1997). "The primate community of the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: diets, responses to fruit scarcity, and effects on biomass". American Journal of Primatology. 42 (1): 1–24. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1997)42:1<1::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-0. PMID 9108968. S2CID 37902903. In the beginning, when the world was new, a monkey was admiring all the brilliantly hued birds flying about. Then he looked at all the other creatures around him. What boring colours they all were! “They all looked as dull as an elephant poo.” a b Kudo, H.; Mitani, M. (1985). "New record of predatory behavior by the mandrill in Cameroon". Primates. 26 (2): 161–167. doi: 10.1007/BF02382015. S2CID 20928597.

During the mating season, the female butt swells enormously and becomes very bright red. However, on regular days, male Celebes have a much redder butts than females. Frequently Asked Questions Why do Monkeys have Red Butts? The mandrill ( Mandrillus sphinx) is a large Old World monkey native to west central Africa. It is one of the most colorful mammals in the world, with red and blue skin on its face and posterior. The species is sexually dimorphic, as males have a larger body, longer canine teeth and brighter coloring. It is the largest monkey in the world. Its closest living relative is the drill, with which it shares the genus Mandrillus. Both species were traditionally thought to be baboons, but further evidence has shown that they are more closely related to white-eyelid mangabeys. Male Old World monkeys—including patas, mandrills, vervets, talapoins, and lesula—sport their, um, accessories in an unusual place. This prompted Weird Animal Question of the Week to ask: Why do some monkeys have blue scrota? (See " Beyond Testicles and Dads: 5 Legit Studies of Male 'Gear.'") Why So Blue?Some authorities have divided mandrill populations into subspecies: the northern mandrill ( M. s. sphinx) and the southern mandrill ( M. s. madarogaster). A proposed third subspecies, M. s. insularis, was based on the mistaken belief that mandrills are present on Bioko Island. [14] [15] The consensus is that mandrills belong to one subspecies ( M. s. sphinx). [16] The mandrill is classified as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Its biggest threats are habitat destruction and hunting for bushmeat. Gabon is considered the stronghold for the species. Its habitat has declined in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea, while its range in the Republic of the Congo is limited. Through the Harts, the Peabody has acquired several Lesula specimens that were essential for the genetic and anatomical studies, says Sargis, who also is curator of the Peabody’s mammalogy collections. All specimens were collected after death, either at the hands of local hunters or, in one case, by crowned eagles. And if we’re finding new species of primates, then who knows how many new species of small mammals or lizards or insects, just to name a few, might be out there. There’s certainly a lot of undiscovered biodiversity in this region.” White, E. C.; Dikangadissi, J.-T.; Dimoto, E.; etal. (2010). "Home-range use by a large horde of wild Mandrillus sphinx". International Journal of Primatology. 31 (4): 627–645. doi: 10.1007/s10764-010-9417-3. S2CID 44740032.

Yes, the Lesula monkey, found in Sub-Saharan Africa, has a bright blue-white colored bottom. Male mandrills also have a blue color included in their multicolored butts. Why are Mandrill Butts Blue?In the battle between blue butt monkeys vs red butt monkeys, the Celebes crested macaque must be by far the ugliest. Laidre, M. E. (2011). "Meaningful gesture in monkeys? Investigating whether mandrills create social culture". PLOS ONE. 6 (2): e14610. Bibcode: 2011PLoSO...614610L. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014610. PMC 3032724. PMID 21311591.

The sale of customised goods or perishable goods, sealed audio or video recordings, or software, which has been opened. Schino, G.; De Angelis, F. (2020). "Conflict over grooming topography between mandrill groomers and groomees". Behavioural Processes. 180: 104240. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104240. PMID 32905823. S2CID 221501684.

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The Rhesus Macaque, also known as the red bottom monkey, is a species of Old World monkey native to Asia. These monkeys have distinctive reddish-brown fur and long tails, are social and live in groups of up to 30 individuals. Females reach sexual maturity at around three years, while males reach maturity at approximately four years. Rhesus macaques typically mate during the summer months. After a gestation period of 155 days, the female will give birth to a single infant. Females are characterized by their very red bottoms, which are essential to mate choice. Studies also show that females with redder bottoms are more likely to acquire a mate. Celebes Crested Macaque The mandrill lives in west-central Africa, including southern Cameroon, mainland Equatorial Guinea ( Río Muni), Gabon and parts of the Republic of the Congo. Its range is bounded by the Sanaga River to the north and the Ogooué and Ivindo Rivers to the east. It does not appear to share habitat with the drill, as the two species are separated by the Sanaga River. [35] Mandrills live in tropical rainforests, generally preferring primary forests over secondary forests. They also live in patchy gallery forests surrounded by savanna and travel across grass areas within their forest habitats. [36] They have also been recorded in mountainous areas, near rivers and in cultivated fields. [37] Levréro, F.; Carrete-Vega, G.; Herbert, A.; etal. (2015). "Social shaping of voices does not impair phenotype matching of kinship in mandrills". Nature Communications. 6: 7609. Bibcode: 2015NatCo...6.7609L. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8609. PMID 26139329.