London Lives: Poverty, Crime and the Making of a Modern City, 1690–1800

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London Lives: Poverty, Crime and the Making of a Modern City, 1690–1800

London Lives: Poverty, Crime and the Making of a Modern City, 1690–1800

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A typical entry for a Related Person, in this case Rebecca Boucher's father, looks slightly different: Kent’s London Directory for the Year 1774. There are 5,548 entries, reproducing the original entries in The ways in which vestries used these houses varied from parish to parish. Some reserved these contract houses for the most dependent poor, or the insane; while others used the offer of the house as a deterrent threat against the casual poor, while allowing pensioners and established paupers to live independently in their own homes, and maintaining only a small proportion of their poor in a contract workhouse. This latter strategy allowed overseers to apply a workhouse test without actually going to the expense of maintaining those in temporary need, while also providing centralised nursing and medical care. St Clement Danes, Examinations Book, 1785-1787, Westminster Archives Centre, Ms. B1187, LL ref: WCCDEP35800, Tagging Level: Aa St Botolph Aldgate, Pauper Examination Book, 1773-75, London Metropolitan Archives, Ms. 2676/8, LL ref: GLBAEP10314, Tagging Level: A

In addition to the Old Bailey trial records, other London Lives records included in the Digital Panopticon Life Archives are the Old Bailey Associated Records; Criminal Registers; and the Minute Books of the Court of Governors of Bridewell. St Clement Danes, Examinations Book, 1750-1752, Westminster Archives Centre, Ms. B1174, LL ref: WCCDEP35806, Tagging Level: A St Botolph Aldgate, Pauper Examination Book, 1776-76, London Metropolitan Archives, Ms. 2676/10, LL ref: GLBAEP10316, Tagging Level: A

The size and specialised facilities available through these houses grew over the course of the century, and by the beginning of the next century took the form of a relatively few very large houses, including James Robertson's establishment at Hoxton, which by 1815 was thought to house up to 300 paupers from forty different City parishes; Thomas Tipple's pauper farm at 12 Queen's Street, Hoxton, which had 230 places and was used by seventeen City parishes; and Edward Deacon's two houses at Mile End and Bow, which between them housed 520 paupers, and served over forty City parishes. 16 St Botolph Aldgate, Pauper Examination Book, 1775-76, London Metropolitan Archives, Ms. 2676/9, LL ref: GLBAEP10315, Tagging Level: A The database is organised into nine fields, but where fields are blank these have been suppressed in the version displayed here. Where information is available for each possible field the record will include:

Bastardy Examinations formed an important variant on the settlement examination. These were taken before two Justices and enquired into the circumstances under which a woman about to give birth to a bastard child had fallen pregnant. Legally a woman who knew herself to be likely to bear a bastard child was obliged to present herself for examination, but in practice this only occasionally happened, and many examinations occurred after the birth.October 1774 – General Election - Hugh Percy; Thomas Pelham Clinton; Hervey Redmond Mountmorres; Charles Stanhope Mahon; Humphrey Cotes.

With the exception of the Westminster poll books (where women are excluded because they could not vote), it is possible to use these records to identify a number of businesses run by women. In the following document types, only a proportion of the documents have been tagged for locations linked to names (those tagged at level Aa). For an explanation and comprehensive listing of the mark-up applied to different documents, see Tagging Levels.Westminster poll books (1802), London Metropolitan Archives: St Margaret and St John, WR/PP/1802/1-2; St Paul and St Martin-le-Grand, WR/PP/1802/3; St Anne, WR/PP/1802/4; St James, WR/PP/1802/5-6; St George, WR/PP/1802/7-8; St Martin, WR/PP/1802/9-10; St Clement and St Mary, WR/PP/1802/11. Register Date/Company/Reference: An abstracted statement encoding details of the original register, date of the policy, company, and eighteenth-century reference.

The Database of Rate Books is very similar, but is divided into five fields. Again, details of the date associated with a particular record can be found in the header. Fields which are blank in the original have been suppressed in the version displayed here. Where information is available for each possible field the record will include: Snell, Keith D. M. Parish and Belonging: Community, Identity, and Welfare in England and Wales, 1700-1950. Cambridge, 2006. If you enter start and end years only, or the same year in both boxes, this will be taken to mean from January to December inclusive. St Clement Danes, Examinations Book, 1792-1798, Westminster Archives Centre, Ms. B1203, LL ref: WCCDEP35827, Tagging Level: BSt Clement Danes, Examinations Book, 1776-1779, Westminster Archives Centre, Ms. B1184, LL ref: WCCDEP35808, Tagging Level: A



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