Kim S, Endres NK, Johnson RJ, Ettlinger CF, Shealy JE (2012) Snowboarding injuries. Trends over time and comparisons with alpine skiing injuries. Am J Sports Med40(4):770–776. PMID: 22268231. Kirkley A, Webster-Bogaert S, Litchfield R, Amendola A, MacDonald S, McCalden R, et al. The effect of bracing on varus gonarthrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:539-48. Richards JD, Sanchez-Ballester J, Jones RK, Darke N, Livingstone BN. A comparison of knee braces during walking for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87:937-9. Lee BK, Nam SW. Rupture of Posterior Cruciate Ligament: Diagnosis and Treatment Principles. Knee Surgery and Related Research 2011 Sep;23(3):135-141.

SplintER Series: To Immobilize or Not to Immobilize: That is

Agolley D, Gabr A, Benjamin-Laing H, Haddad FS. Successful return to sports in athletes following non-operative management of acute isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries: medium-term follow-up. Bone Joint J. 2017;99-B(6):774–778. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.99B6.37953 Malone AA, Dowd GSE, Saifuddin A. Injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner of the knee. Injury 2006;37(6):485-501. Limit the force of gravity to create a more posterior tibial sagging, by encouraging your patient in the first 6 weeks to avoid positions where there is a tibia sag, such as wall slides. You can also advise sleeping with a pillow underneath the proximal tibia allowing the tibia to be in a better position and reducing the posterior drawing force. Boyce SH, Quigley MA, Campbell S. Management of ankle sprains: a randomised controlled trial of the treatment of inversion injuries using an elastic support bandage or an Aircast ankle brace. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:91-6. Lun VM, Wiley JP, Meeuwisse WH, Yanagawa TL. Effectiveness of patellar bracing for treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15:235-40.Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases –conditions/anterior-cruciate-ligament-acl-injuries/ Ng JWG, Ali FM. Isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery. 2021;8(4):319-25. Bizzini M, Childs JD, Piva SR, Delitto A. Systematic review of the quality of randomized controlled trials for patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:4-20. Vaquero-Picado A, Rodríguez-Merchán EC. Isolated posterior cruciate ligament tears: an update of management. EFORT Open Rev. 2017;2(4):89-96. Prins M. The Lachman test is the most sensitive and the pivot shift the most specific test for the diagnosis of ACL rupture. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy (2006). 52(1): 66. PMID: 16555409.

How To Apply a Knee Immobilizer - Injuries; Poisoning - Merck

O'Connor D, Marshall S, Massy-Westropp N. Non-surgical treatment (other than steroid injection) for carpal tunnel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003(1):CD003219. Marom N, Ruzbarsky JJ, Boyle C, Marx RG. Complications in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries and Related Surgery. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2020;28(1):30-3. Knee braces are better when some movement is desired, such as during rehabilitation or physical exercise. Knee braces can be composed of neoprene, nylon, or metal. Some knee braces fit tightly and give compression, while others allow more flexibility. Doctors or physical therapists prescribe knee braces, but they are also sold directly to patients or over the counter. There are available criteria in the evidence, however, symmetry on the following measures reflects strength and stability [16]: Kerkhoffs GM, Rowe BH, Assendelft WJ, Kelly K, Struijs PA, van Dijk CN. Immobilisation and functional treatment for acute lateral ankle ligament injuries in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002(3):CD003762.Goodyear-Smith F, Arroll B. What can family physicians offer patients with carpal tunnel syndrome other than surgery? A systematic review of nonsurgical management. Ann Fam Med. 2004;2:267-73.