Ward, William W.; Cormier, Milton J. (1978). "Energy Transfer Via Protein-Protein Interaction in Renilla Bioluminescence". Photochemistry and Photobiology. 27 (4): 389–396. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1978.tb07621.x. S2CID 84887904. Scintillation is defined a flash of light produced in a transparent material by the passage of a particle (an electron, an alpha particle, an ion, or a high-energy photon). Stilbene and derivatives are used in scintillation counters to detect such particles. Stilbene is also one of the gain mediums used in dye lasers. a b Nelly (13 May 2021). "Happy Blurpthday to Discord, a Place for Everything You Can Imagine". Discord Blog . Retrieved 13 May 2021. Fluorescent lights were first available to the public at the 1939 New York World's Fair. Improvements since then have largely been better phosphors, longer life, and more consistent internal discharge, and easier-to-use shapes (such as compact fluorescent lamps). Some high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps couple their even-greater electrical efficiency with phosphor enhancement for better color rendition. [74]

On the RGB color wheel, Azure is defined as the colour halfway between blue and cyan. It has a hex code of 0080FF. [29] Lakowicz, Joseph R. (1999). Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers. ISBN 978-0-387-31278-1. Intravascular fluorescence is a catheter-based medical imaging technique that uses fluorescence to detect high-risk features of atherosclerosis and unhealed vascular stent devices. [79] Plaque autofluorescence has been used in a first-in-man study in coronary arteries in combination with optical coherence tomography. [80] Molecular agents has been also used to detect specific features, such as stent fibrin accumulation and enzymatic activity related to artery inflammation. [81] In some spiders, ultraviolet cues are important for predator-prey interactions, intraspecific communication, and camouflage-matching with fluorescent flowers. Differing ecological contexts could favor inhibition or enhancement of fluorescence expression, depending upon whether fluorescence helps spiders be cryptic or makes them more conspicuous to predators. Therefore, natural selection could be acting on expression of fluorescence across spider species. [56] Spiders fluoresce under UV light and possess a huge diversity of fluorophores. Andrews, Reed, & Masta noted that spiders are the only known group in which fluorescence is "taxonomically widespread, variably expressed, evolutionarily labile, and probably under selection and potentially of ecological importance for intraspecific and interspecific signaling". [56] They showed that fluorescence evolved multiple times across spider taxa, with novel fluorophores evolving during spider diversification.

The Color Code for Fluorescent Blue

Fluorescence also occurs frequently in nature in some minerals and in many biological forms across all kingdoms of life. The latter may be referred to as biofluorescence, indicating that the fluorophore is part of or is extracted from a living organism (rather than an inorganic dye or stain). But since fluorescence is due to a specific chemical, which can also be synthesized artificially in most cases, it is sufficient to describe the substance itself as fluorescent. Epidermal fluorescent cells in fish also respond to hormonal stimuli by the α–MSH and MCH hormones much the same as melanophores. This suggests that fluorescent cells may have color changes throughout the day that coincide with their circadian rhythm. [28] Fish may also be sensitive to cortisol induced stress responses to environmental stimuli, such as interaction with a predator or engaging in a mating ritual. [26] Phylogenetics [ edit ] Evolutionary origins [ edit ] Fluorescent paint absorbs invisible UV radiation and then releases it in longer wavelength visible light in varying colors. It's this emission that our eyes perceive as a glowing effect.

The chemical compound responsible for this fluorescence is matlaline, which is the oxidation product of one of the flavonoids found in this wood. [1]The earliest discovery of a fluorescent effect was first discovered in 1560 and 1565 by Bernardino de Sahagún and Nicolás Monardes, respectively. This fluorescent effect came in the form of a matlaline chemical compound infusion taken from the wood of two tree species, Pterocarpus indicus, and Eysenhardtia polystachya . Fluorescence quantum yields are measured by comparison to a standard. [14] The quinine salt quinine sulfate in a sulfuric acid solution was regarded as the most common fluorescence standard, [15] McDonald, Maurice S. (2 June 2003). Photobiology of Higher Plants. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470855232. Archived from the original on 21 December 2017.

A new fluorophore was described in two species of sharks, wherein it was due to an undescribed group of brominated tryptophane-kynurenine small molecule metabolites. [37] Coral [ edit ] Physical principles [ edit ] Mechanism [ edit ] A ruby ball lens atop a green laser-pointer. The green beam converges into a cone within the crystal and is focused to a point on top. The green light is absorbed and spontaneously remitted as red light. Not all of the light is absorbed, and a small portion of the 520 nm laser-light transmits through the top, unaltered by the ruby's red color. azure". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Fox, A. (2 April 2019). "Scientists discover a frog with glowing bones". ScienceMag. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020 . Retrieved 9 February 2020. This color is often used for objects requiring high visibility like traffic and road signs. 4. Fluorescent GreenThe next discovery relating to fluorescence happened in 1856 when German glassblower Heinrich Geissler invented a mercury vacuum pump that evacuated a glass tube to an extent previously thought impossible. By applying a high voltage through two electrodes at each end of the partially-evacuated tube, a glow discharge was produced. Different chemicals placed inside the tube produced different colors, eventually leading to the use of mercury to produce the first fluorescent lamps. Fujii, R (2000). "The regulation of motile activity in fish chromatophores". Pigment Cell Research. 13 (5): 300–19. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2000.130502.x. PMID 11041206.

The Mirabilis jalapa flower contains violet, fluorescent betacyanins and yellow, fluorescent betaxanthins. Under white light, parts of the flower containing only betaxanthins appear yellow, but in areas where both betaxanthins and betacyanins are present, the visible fluorescence of the flower is faded due to internal light-filtering mechanisms. Fluorescence was previously suggested to play a role in pollinator attraction, however, it was later found that the visual signal by fluorescence is negligible compared to the visual signal of light reflected by the flower. [61] Abiotic [ edit ] Gemology, mineralogy and geology [ edit ] Fluorescence of aragonite Harris, Daniel C. (2004). Exploring chemical analysis. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7167-0571-0. Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. When you want to make a great first impression that’s impossible to ignore, Neon Blue is an excellent idea. It’s one of the most versatile colors for web design, breathing life into your marketing while conserving your company’s unique personality. We usually link the color blue to calmness, coolness, passivity, and having a levelheaded outlook. Fluorescent blue, however, represents calm yet dynamic energy.Fluorescent compounds such as ninhydrin or DFO (1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one) later became useful in forensics, particularly when searching for fingerprints. Today, fluorescent reagents, like fluorescein, are being used to find blood and other substances. Fluorescent Colors: Psychology and Meaning