Todd, Robert H.; Allen, Dell K.; Alting, Leo (1994). Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide. Industrial Press Inc. ISBN 0-8311-3049-0.

About anaerobic adhesives". ThreeBond Holdings Co. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018 . Retrieved 15 September 2018. Pike, Roscoe. "adhesive". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc . Retrieved 9 April 2013. Stamm, A.J.; Kuenzi, E.W.; Kollmann, Franz F.P. (2012). Principles of Wood Science and Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p.1. ISBN 9783642879319. The first references to adhesives in literature appeared in approximately 2000 BC. Further historical records of adhesive use are found from the period spanning 1500–1000 BC. Artifacts from this period include paintings depicting wood gluing operations and a casket made of wood and glue in King Tutankhamun's tomb. [9] Other ancient Egyptian artifacts employ animal glue for bonding or lamination. Such lamination of wood for bows and furniture is thought to have extended their life and was accomplished using casein (milk protein)-based glues. The ancient Egyptians also developed starch-based pastes for the bonding of papyrus to clothing and a plaster of Paris-like material made of calcined gypsum. [12] Beeswax As a general design rule, the material properties of the object need to be greater than the forces anticipated during its use. (i.e. geometry, loads, etc.). The engineering work will consist of having a good model to evaluate the function. For most adhesive joints, this can be achieved using fracture mechanics. Concepts such as the stress concentration factor and the strain energy release rate can be used to predict failure. In such models, the behavior of the adhesive layer itself is neglected and only the adherents are considered.There are several commercial combinations of multi-component adhesives in use in industry. Some of these combinations are:

Evidence of the earliest known use of adhesives was discovered in central Italy when two stone flakes partially covered with birch-bark tar and a third uncovered stone from the Middle Pleistocene era (circa 200,000 years ago) were found. This is thought to be the oldest discovered human use of tar- hafted stones. [4] Ebnesajjad, Sina (2010). "History of Adhesives". Handbook of Adhesives and Surface Preparation: Technology, Applications and Manufacturing. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 9781437744613. Heat curing adhesives consist of a pre-made mixture of two or more components. When heat is applied the components react and cross-link. This type of adhesive includes thermoset epoxies, urethanes, and polyimides. One-part adhesives harden via a chemical reaction with an external energy source, such as radiation, heat, and moisture. Synthetic adhesives are made out of organic compounds. Many are based on elastomers, thermoplastics, emulsions, and thermosets. Examples of thermosetting adhesives are: epoxy, polyurethane, cyanoacrylate and acrylic polymers. The first commercially produced synthetic adhesive was Karlsons Klister in the 1920s. [36] Application [ edit ]A key step in the development of synthetic plastics was the introduction of a thermoset plastic known as Bakelite phenolic in 1910. [21] Within two years, phenolic resin was applied to plywood as a coating varnish. In the early 1930s, phenolics gained importance as adhesive resins. [22]

Andrew - Very good point. And at the fundamental physics level, it's electrical attraction. To make it simple, it's the fact that one molecule electrically is attracted to another molecule. Ralph D. Hermansen (16 March 2017). Polymeric Thermosetting Compounds. Apple Academic Press. p.31. ISBN 9781771883153 . Retrieved 27 October 2017. Ross, John; Charles Ross (10 October 1876). "Improvement in Processes of Preparing Glue". United States Patent and Trademark Office. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017 . Retrieved 14 April 2013. Skin glue is a special medical glue used to close wounds. It can be used on its own or with stitches or adhesive tape. It forms a protective waterproof covering over your wound. When is skin glue used? James J. Licari; Dale W. Swanson (2011). Adhesives Technology for Electronic Applications: Materials, Processing, Reliability. Elsevier. p.121. ISBN 9781437778908 . Retrieved 27 October 2017.

Hot adhesives, also known as hot melt adhesives, are thermoplastics applied in molten form (in the 65–180°C range) which solidify on cooling to form strong bonds between a wide range of materials. Ethylene-vinyl acetate-based hot-melts are particularly popular for crafts because of their ease of use and the wide range of common materials they can join. A glue gun (shown at right) is one method of applying hot adhesives. The glue gun melts the solid adhesive, then allows the liquid to pass through its barrel onto the material, where it solidifies. Applicators of different adhesives are designed according to the adhesive being used and the size of the area to which the adhesive will be applied. The adhesive is applied to either one or both of the materials being bonded. The pieces are aligned and pressure is added to aid in adhesion and rid the bond of air bubbles. Chris - Can you help me out then, and tell me why I can't get Weetabix off of a bowl that's gone dry. There are many different types of glues and adhesives available at B&Q, each with their own properties. For example, PVA glue is great for woodworking DIY projects, whereas superglue is perfect for smaller, more fiddly jobs like fixing broken jewellery. Epoxy adhesives are great for fixing metal and ceramics because of their super-strong bonding properties. Kinloch, A.J. (1987). Adhesion and Adhesives: Science and Technology (Reprinted.ed.). London: Chapman and Hall. p.1. ISBN 0-412-27440-X.

Bonding- An Ancient Art". Adhesives.org. Adhesives and Sealants Council. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013 . Retrieved 14 April 2013. Non-metallic material used to bond various materials together Nitrocellulose adhesive dispensed from a tubeAdhesive fracture (sometimes referred to as interfacial fracture) is when debonding occurs between the adhesive and the adherend. In most cases, the occurrence of adhesive fracture for a given adhesive goes along with smaller fracture toughness. It goes without saying that super glue shouldn’t be applied to skin. If this happens, soaking the area in warm water or gently rubbing it with oil can help. In more severe cases, medical advice might be required. Is there anything I can’t use super glue on? Wadley, Lyn (1 June 2010). "Compound‐Adhesive Manufacture as a Behavioral Proxy for Complex Cognition in the Middle Stone Age". Current Anthropology. 51 (s1): S111–S119. doi: 10.1086/649836. S2CID 56253913. Comment by ThottbotOk, here's some advice: DO NOT DELETE OR SELL THIS STUFF! It still works at level 60 and beyond, and is wonderful for PVP.