Basic Witches: How to Summon Success, Banish Drama, and Raise Hell with Your Coven

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In these societies, practitioners of helpful magic, usually known as cunning folk, have traditionally [ timeframe?] provided services such as breaking the effects of witchcraft, healing, divination, finding lost or stolen goods, and love magic. [1] :x-xi In Britain, and some other parts of Europe, they were commonly known as cunning folk or wise people. [1] :x-xi Alan McFarlane wrote that while cunning folk is the usual name, some are also known as 'blessers' or 'wizards', but might also be known as 'white', 'good', or 'unbinding witches'. [127] Historian Owen Davies says the term "white witch" was rarely used before the 20th century. [7] :xiii Ronald Hutton uses the general term "service magicians". [1] :x-xi Often these people were involved in identifying alleged witches. [1] :24-25 a b c d Moro, Pamela A. (2017). "Witchcraft, Sorcery, and Magic". The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology. pp.1–9. doi: 10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea1915. ISBN 9780470657225.

An extract from Hutton's The Witch covering this topic can be read online at https://yalebooksblog.co.uk/2017/07/31/five-characteristics-of-a-witch-an-extract-by-ronald-hutton/ [1] :3-4 Such helpful magic-workers "were normally contrasted with the witch who practiced maleficium—that is, magic used for harmful ends". [128] :27-28 In the early years of the witch hunts "the cunning folk were widely tolerated by church, state and general populace". [128] :27-28 Some of the more hostile churchmen and secular authorities tried to smear folk-healers and magic-workers by falsely branding them 'witches' and associating them with harmful 'witchcraft', [1] :x-xi but generally the masses did not accept this and continued to make use of their services. [129] The English MP and skeptic Reginald Scot sought to disprove magic and witchcraft, writing in The Discoverie of Witchcraft (1584), "At this day, it is indifferent to say in the English tongue, 'she is a witch' or 'she is a wise woman'". [130] Historian Keith Thomas adds "Nevertheless, it is possible to isolate that kind of 'witchcraft' which involved the employment (or presumed employment) of some occult means of doing harm to other people in a way which was generally disapproved of. In this sense the belief in witchcraft can be defined as the attribution of misfortune to occult human agency". [2] :519 Young, Eric Van; Cervantes, Fernando; Mills, Kenneth (November 1996). "The Devil in the New World: The Impact of Diabolism in New Spain". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 76 (4): 789. doi: 10.2307/2517981. JSTOR 2517981. Forget what she may tell you. The basic witch is bourgie. Still, don't give up on the basic witch yet In some cultures, witches are believed to use human body parts in magic, [1] :19-22 and they are commonly believed to murder children for this purpose. In Europe, "cases in which women did undoubtedly kill their children, because of what today would be called postpartum psychosis, were often interpreted as yielding to diabolical temptation". [35]

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The word is over a thousand years old: Old English formed the compound wiccecræft from wicce ('witch') and cræft ('craft'). [25] The masculine form was wicca ('male sorcerer'). [26] Molina, Javier Aguilar 2006. "The Invention of Child Witches in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Social cleansing, religious commerce and the difficulties of being a parent in an urban culture". London: Save the Children Igwe, Leo (September–October 2020). "Accused Witches Burned, Killed in Nigeria". Skeptical Inquirer. Amherst, New York: Center for Inquiry. Harper, Douglas. "witchcraft (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013 . Retrieved 29 October 2013. Geschiere, Peter (1997). The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa. Translated by Peter Geschiere and Janet Roitman. University of Virginia Press. p.13. ISBN 0813917034.

Barstow, Anne Llewellyn (1994). Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts. San Francisco: Pandora. ISBN 978-0062500496. Wallace, Dale Lancaster (January 2015). "Rethinking religion, magic and witchcraft in South Africa: From colonial coherence to postcolonial conundrum". Journal for the Study of Religion. 28 (1): 23–51 . Retrieved 15 September 2023– via Acaemdia.edu. di Giovanni, Janine (14 October 2014). "When It Comes to Beheadings, ISIS Has Nothing Over Saudi Arabia". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014 . Retrieved 17 October 2014. a b c Lawrence, Salmah Eva-Lina (2015). "Witchcraft, Sorcery, Violence: Matrilineal and Decolonial Reflections". In Forsyth, Miranda; Eves, Richard (eds.). Talking it Through: Responses to Sorcery and Witchcraft Beliefs and Practices in Melanesia. Canberra, Australia: ANU Press.

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Tan, Michael L. (2008). Revisiting Usog, Pasma, Kulam. University of the Philippines Press. ISBN 978-9715425704. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021 . Retrieved 17 September 2020.

Hoggard, Brian (2004). "The archaeology of counter-witchcraft and popular magic", in Beyond the Witch Trials: Witchcraft and Magic in Enlightenment Europe, Manchester University Press. p. 167 [ ISBNmissing]

This is a super useful thing to have in your witch supply kit. Candle magic often required you to burn something over the flame or to place your candle in a fire-proof vessel. I like to use a stone bowl for this as it’s a multi-functional tool which you can use for other witchy things too. If a man has put a spell upon another man and it is not justified, he upon whom the spell is laid shall go to the holy river; into the holy river shall he plunge. If the holy river overcome him and he is drowned, the man who put the spell upon him shall take possession of his house. If the holy river declares him innocent and he remains unharmed the man who laid the spell shall be put to death. He that plunged into the river shall take possession of the house of him who laid the spell upon him. [61] [c] Chambers, Robert (1861). Domestic Annals of Scotland. Edinburgh, Scotland. ISBN 978-1298711960. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)