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Ayto, John, ed. (2009). Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms (3rded.). OUP Oxford. p.123. ISBN 978-0-19-954378-6.

The day and night of the equinox are of approximately equal length. As neither the calendar year (365 days) nor the cycle of the phases of the Moon (29.5 days) divide evenly by the seven-day week, the date of Easter Sunday can move irregularly by up to a month, from between late March and late April.” Occasionally Orthodox churches celebrate Easter on the same date as Catholics and other western churches (Photo: Getty Images) Why do different churches celebrate Easter on different days? Cycles of 19 years are not all the same length, because they may have either four or five leap years. But a period of four cycles, 76 years (a Callippic cycle), has a length of 76 × 365 + 19 = 27,759 days (if it does not cross a century division). There are 235 × 4 = 940 lunar months in this period, so the average length is 27759 / 940 or about 29.530851 days. There are 76 × 6 = 456 usual nominal 30-day lunar months and the same number of usual nominal 29-day months, but with 19 of these lengthened by a day on leap days, plus 24 intercalated months of 30 days and four intercalated months of 29 days. Since this is longer than the true length of a synodic month, about 29.53059 days, the calculated Paschal full moon gets later and later compared to the astronomical full moon, unless a correction is made as in the Gregorian system (see below). Find sources: "Date of Easter"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( March 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)To be honest, I find (this tradition to be) a little less creepy than a giant bunny coming into my house to deliver candy," O'Malley joked."The bells leave the churches and drop candy everywhere." A possible consequence of this intercalation is that 14 Nisan could occur before the equinox, which some third-century Christians considered unacceptable (this cannot happen in the fixed calendar in use today). [10] Consequently, it was decided to separate the dating of Easter from the Hebrew calendar, by identifying the first full moon following the March equinox. By the time of the First Council of Nicaea (AD325), the Church of Alexandria had designated 21 March as an ecclesiastical date for the equinox, irrespective of actual astronomical observation. In 395, Theophilus published a table of future dates for Easter, validating the Alexandrian criteria. [11] Thereafter, the computus would be the procedure of determining the first Sunday after the first ecclesiastical full moon falling on or after 21 March.

In 2076 and 2133, double paradoxes (positive equinoctial and negative weekly) occur. Negative equinoctial paradoxes are extremely rare. They occur only twice until the year 4000 in 2353, when Easter is five weeks too early and in 2372, when Easter is four weeks too early. [68] Algorithms [ edit ] Note on operations [ edit ] The saltus and the seven extra 30-day months were largely hidden by being located at the points where the Julian and lunar months begin at about the same time. The extra months commenced on 1 January (year 3), 2 September (year 5), 6 March (year 8), 3 January (year 11), 31 December (year 13), 1 September (year 16), and 5 March (year 19). [33] [34] The sequence number of the year in the 19-year cycle is called the " golden number", and is given by the formula The sequence number of a year in the 19-year cycle is called its golden number. This term was first used in the computistic poem Massa Compoti by Alexander de Villa Dei in 1200. A later scribe added the golden number to tables originally composed by Abbo of Fleury in 988. Kothe, Jochen. "Berechnung des Osterfestes". Astronomische Abhandlungen[ Astronomical Treatises] (in German). Archived from the original on 9 July 2012 . Retrieved 9 August 2017. Butcher, Samuel (1877). The Ecclesiastical calendar: its theory and construction. Dublin: Hodges, Foster and Figgis. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023 . Retrieved 11 March 2016.

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The discrepancies are even larger if there is a difference according to the vernal equinox with respect to astronomical theory and the approximation of the computus. If the astronomical equinoctial full moon falls before the computistical equinoctial full moon, Easter will be celebrated four or even five weeks too late. Such cases are called a positive equinoctial paradox (A+ paradox) according to Lange. In the reverse case when the Computistical equinoctial full moon falls a month before the astronomical equinoctial full moon, Easter is celebrated four or five weeks too early. Such cases are called a negative equinoctial paradox (A− paradox). [67] This raises the question why the Gregorian lunar calendar has separate solar and lunar corrections, which sometimes cancel each other. Lilius's original work has not been preserved, but his proposal was described in the Compendium Novae Rationis Restituendi Kalendarium circulated in 1577, in which it is explained that the correction system he devised was to be a perfectly flexible tool in the hands of future calendar reformers, since the solar and lunar calendar could henceforth be corrected without mutual interference. [50] An example of this flexibility was provided through an alternative intercalation sequence derived from Copernicus's theories, along with its corresponding epact corrections. [51]

In medieval western Europe, the dates of the paschal full moon (14 Nisan) given above could be memorized with the help of a 19-line alliterative poem in Latin: [63] [64] Nonae Aprilis The lunar cycle of Anatolius, according to the tables in De ratione paschali, included only two bissextile (leap) years every 19years, so could not be used by anyone using the Julian calendar, which had four or five leap years per lunar cycle. [12] [13] The reason for this is that Easter must occur after the biblical festival of Passover, on the full moon, when Jesus was crucified,” said Professor Sacha Stern, head of the Hebrew and Jewish Studies department at University College London. Kekis, Theoharis. "The Orthodox Church Calendar" (PDF). Cyprus Action Network of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2012 . Retrieved 11 March 2012. Pope Gregory XIII (24 February 1582). "Inter Gravissimas". Archived from the original on 13 February 2006 . Retrieved 9 August 2017.As with the Stations of the Cross, we move from station to station, reading an appropriate Bible passage and meditating on it. By using the resurrection appearances as a focus for reflection and Ludwig Lange investigated and classified different types of paradoxical Easter dates using the Gregorian computus. [67] In cases where the first vernal full moon according to astronomical calculation occurs on a Sunday and the computus gives the same Sunday as Easter, the celebrated Easter occurs one week in advance compared to the hypothetical "astronomically" correct Easter. Lange called this case a negative weekly (hebdomadal) paradox (H− paradox). If the astronomical calculation gives a Saturday for the first vernal full moon and Easter is not celebrated on the directly following Sunday but one week later, Easter is celebrated according to the computus one week too late in comparison to the astronomical result. He classified such cases a positive weekly (hebdomadal) paradox (H+ paradox). [67] Easter is just a hop around the corner – with millions of people around the world are preparing to celebrate this Sunday. The eastern Roman Empire accepted it shortly after 380 after converting the computus to the Julian calendar. [62] Rome accepted it sometime between the sixth and ninth centuries. The British Isles accepted it during the eighth century except for a few monasteries. [ citation needed] Francia (all of western Europe except Scandinavia (pagan), the British Isles, the Iberian peninsula, and southern Italy) accepted it during the last quarter of the eighth century. [ citation needed]

Kothe, Jochen. "Berichtigung ze dem aufsatze". Astronomische Abhandlungen[ Astronomical Treatises] (in German). Archived from the original on 12 July 2012 . Retrieved 9 August 2017.Also the drift in ecclesiastical full moons calculated by the Gregorian method compared to the true full moons is affected less than one would expect, because the increase in the length of the day is almost exactly compensated for by the increase in the length of the month, as tidal braking transfers angular momentum of the rotation of the Earth to orbital angular momentum of the Moon. In Eastern Orthodox Christianity, however, the date of Easter differs. This year, it falls on April 16. Easter marks the last day of the Holy Week, which consistsof several days that each carry their own significance. These include: