The Sketch

Product Information

A lap szövege Creative Commons Nevezd meg! – Így add tovább! 4.0 licenc alatt van; egyes esetekben más módon is felhasználható. Részletekért lásd a felhasználási feltételeket.

Noble, Mark (1784), Memoirs of the Protectorate-house of Cromwell: Deduced from an Early Period, and Continued Down to the Present Time,..., vol.2, Printed by Pearson and Rollason The following table gives the principal casting information for the major productions (both original and revival) of Oliver!. Many in the army, such as the Levellers led by John Lilburne, thought this was not enough and demanded full political equality for all men, leading to tense debates in Putney during the autumn of 1647 between Fairfax, Cromwell and Ireton on the one hand, and Levellers like Colonel Rainsborough on the other. The Putney Debates broke up without reaching a resolution. [41] [42] Second Civil War The trial of Charles I on 4 January 1649.

Vallely, Paul. The Big Question: Was Cromwell a revolutionary hero or a genocidal war criminal?, The Independent, 4 September 2008. Oliver Cromwell was baptised on 29 April 1599 at St John's Church, [12] and attended Huntingdon Grammar School. He went on to study at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, then a recently founded college with a strong Puritan ethos. He left in June 1617 without taking a degree, immediately after his father's death. [13] Early biographers claim that he then attended Lincoln's Inn, but the Inn's archives retain no record of him. [14] Antonia Fraser concludes that it is likely that he did train at one of the London Inns of Court during this time. [15] His grandfather, his father, and two of his uncles had attended Lincoln's Inn, and Cromwell sent his son Richard there in 1647. [15] See The Levellers: The Putney Debates, Texts selected and annotated by Philip Baker, Introduction by Geoffrey Robertson QC. London and New York: Verso, 2007.

Cromwell, in contrast to Fairfax, had no formal training in military tactics, and followed the common practice of ranging his cavalry in three ranks and pressing forward, relying on impact rather than firepower. His strengths were an instinctive ability to lead and train his men, and his moral authority. In a war fought mostly by amateurs, these strengths were significant and most likely contributed to the discipline of his cavalry. [36] BBC staff (3 October 2014), "The Execution of Charles I", BBC Radio 4—This Sceptred Isle—The Execution of Charles I., BBC Radio 4, archived from the original on 28 June 2008 , retrieved 4 November 2007 Australian actor Robin Ramsay played Fagin. Most of the cast were British including Ian Calvin, along with two London original Workhouse boys, Ray Millross and Terry Latham. The rest of the workhouse boys were American. Cunningham, John (4 March 2012). "Conquest and Land in Ireland". Royal Historical Society, Boydell Press. Archived from the original on 17 April 2013 . Retrieved 16 December 2012.

Winston S. Churchill, 1957, A History of the English Speaking Peoples: The Age of Revolution, Dodd, Mead and Company: New York (p. 9): "We have seen the many ties which at one time or another have joined the inhabitants of the Western islands, and even in Ireland itself offered a tolerable way of life to Protestants and Catholics alike. Upon all of these Cromwell's record was a lasting bane. By an uncompleted process of terror, by an iniquitous land settlement, by the virtual proscription of the Catholic religion, by the bloody deeds already described, he cut new gulfs between the nations and the creeds. "Hell or Connaught" were the terms he thrust upon the native inhabitants, and they for their part, across three hundred years, have used as their keenest expression of hatred "The Curse of Cromwell on you". The consequences of Cromwell's rule in Ireland have distressed and at times distracted English politics down even to the present day. To heal them baffled the skill and loyalties of successive generations. They became for a time a potent obstacle to the harmony of the English-speaking people throughout the world. Upon all of us there still lies 'the curse of Cromwell'. A key surviving statement of Cromwell's views on the conquest of Ireland is his Declaration of the lord lieutenant of Ireland for the undeceiving of deluded and seduced people of January 1650. [90] In this he was scathing about Catholicism, saying, "I shall not, where I have the power... suffer the exercise of the Mass." [91] But he also wrote: "as for the people, what thoughts they have in the matter of religion in their own breasts I cannot reach; but I shall think it my duty, if they walk honestly and peaceably, not to cause them in the least to suffer for the same." [91] Private soldiers who surrendered their arms "and shall live peaceably and honestly at their several homes, they shall be permitted so to do". [92] Haykin, Michael A. G. (ed.) (1999). To Honour God: The Spirituality of Oliver Cromwell Joshua Press, ISBN 1-894400-03-8. Excerpts from Cromwell's religious writings. ed.). The writings and speeches of Oliver Cromwellp. Vol.IV. Harvard University Press. — The standard academic reference for Cromwell's own words.

A Survey of the Spirituall Antichrist Opening the Secrets of Familisme and Antinomianisme in the Antichristian Doctrine of John Saltmarsh and Will. del, the Present Preachers of the Army Now in England, and of Robert Town. 1648. The Cromwellian Catastrophe in Ireland: an Historiographical Analysis (an overview of writings/writers on the subject by Jameel Hampton pub. Gateway An Academic Journal on the Web: Spring 2003 PDF) Note: All songs with a # next to them are not on the original London recording. In addition, the Broadway recording drops "That's Your Funeral" and the Act Two reprise of "Oliver!".) The 1994 and 2009 London revival recordings include the Coffin Music, The Robbery, the reprises of "Where is Love" and "It's a Fine Life" and the London Bridge scene.a b LuPone, Patti. "Chapter: A Working Actor, Part 1", Patti LuPone: A Memoir, Random House, Inc., 2010, ISBN 0-307-46073-8, pp. 154–155 Spartacus: Rowland Laugharne at Spartacus.Schoolnet.co.uk". Archived from the original on 25 October 2008. Lutz, James M.; Lutz, Brenda J. (2004). Global Terrorism. London: Routledge. p. 193. The draconian laws applied by Oliver Cromwell in Ireland were an early version of ethnic cleansing. The Catholic Irish were to be expelled to the northwestern areas of the island. Relocation rather than extermination was the goal. Moss, John. "Manchester during the Reformation, Oliver Cromwell & the English Civil Wars". Manchester2002-uk.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2011 . Retrieved 29 July 2011.