Tobar Rainbow Humming Top Traditional Spinning Toy

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Perinola, a six-sided top, very similar to the dreidel, that is used for a similar game in Latin America. [6] Mayr, Gerald (1 January 2007). "New specimens of the early Oligocene Old World hummingbird Eurotrochilus inexpectatus". Journal of Ornithology. 148 (1): 105–111. doi: 10.1007/s10336-006-0108-y. ISSN 2193-7206. S2CID 11821178. Fjeldså, J.; Heynen, I. (1999). Genus Oreotrochilus. In: del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, & J. Sargatal. eds. (1999). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. pp.623–624. ISBN 84-87334-25-3. The northward migration of rufous hummingbirds occurs along the Pacific flyway, [172] and may be time-coordinated with flower and tree-leaf emergence in early spring, and also with availability of insects as food. [171] Arrival at breeding grounds before nectar availability from mature flowers may jeopardize breeding opportunities. [173] Feeding [ edit ] Hummingbirds feeding; video recorded at 1,500 frames per second Hummingbird visiting flowers in Copiapó, Chile: The apparent slow movement of hummingbird wings is a result of the stroboscopic effect.

Within the same geographic region, hummingbird clades coevolved with nectar-bearing plant clades, affecting mechanisms of pollination. [50] [51] The same is true for the sword-billed hummingbird ( Ensifera ensifera), one of the morphologically most extreme species, and one of its main food plant clades ( Passiflora section Tacsonia). [52] Coevolution with ornithophilous flowers [ edit ] Purple-throated carib feeding at a flower Hummingbirds have the highest metabolism of all vertebrate animals – a necessity to support the rapid beating of their wings during hovering and fast forward flight. [6] [91] During flight and hovering, oxygen consumption per gram of muscle tissue in a hummingbird is about 10 times higher than that measured in elite human athletes. [5] Hummingbirds achieve this extraordinary capacity for oxygen consumption by an exceptional density and proximity of capillaries and mitochondria in their flight muscles. [92]Rico-Guevara, A.; Araya-Salas, M. (2015). "Bills as daggers? A test for sexually dimorphic weapons in a lekking hummingbird". Behavioral Ecology. 26 (1): 21–29. doi: 10.1093/beheco/aru182.

The family Trochilidae was introduced in 1825 by Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors with Trochilus as the type genus. [34] [35] A phylogenetic tree unequivocally indicates that modern hummingbirds originated in South America, with the last common ancestor of all living hummingbirds living around 22 million years ago. [8] Chiappe, Luis M. (16 April 2009). "Downsized dinosaurs: The evolutionary transition to modern birds". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 2 (2): 248–256. doi: 10.1007/s12052-009-0133-4. ISSN 1936-6426. S2CID 26966516. Hummingbirds begin mating when they are a year old. [21] Sex occurs over 3-5 seconds when the male joins its cloaca with the female's, passing sperm to fertilize the female's eggs. [21]

a b c Mayr, Gerald (2004). "Old World fossil record of modern-type hummingbirds". Science. 304 (5672): 861–864. Bibcode: 2004Sci...304..861M. doi: 10.1126/science.1096856. PMID 15131303. S2CID 6845608. Some larger models are set in motion by means of a built-in metal auger (spiral plunger). In these models, the actual top may be enclosed in a hollow metal shell, with the same axis but decoupled from it; so that the toy may appear to be stationary but "magically" balanced on its tip. Leaf Forest · Hot Crater · Music Plant · Ice Paradise · Sky Canyon · Techno Base · Egg Utopia · XX · True Area 53 · Special Stages Stiles, Gary (1981). "Geographical aspects of bird flower coevolution, with particular reference to Central America" (PDF). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 68 (2): 323–351. doi: 10.2307/2398801. JSTOR 2398801. S2CID 87692272.

Ghost Rex | Ghost Pendulum | Ghost Kraken | Ghost Pirate | Ghost Whale | Ghost Condor | Captain Whisker and Johnny | Ghost Titan | Egg Wizard Hummingbirds host a highly specialized lice fauna. Two genera of Ricinid lice, Trochiloecetes and Trochiliphagus are specialized on them, often infesting 5-15% of their populations. Contrarily, two genera of Menoponid lice, Myrsidea and Leremenopon are extremely rare on them. [138] Reproduction [ edit ] Video of a hummingbird building a nest a b c d e f g h Hargrove, J.L. (2005). "Adipose energy stores, physical work, and the metabolic syndrome: Lessons from hummingbirds". Nutrition Journal. 4: 36. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-4-36. PMC 1325055. PMID 16351726. Hummingbirds have exceptional visual acuity providing them with discrimination of food sources while foraging. [75] Although hummingbirds are thought to be attracted to color while seeking food, such as red flowers or artificial feeders, experiments indicate that location and flower nectar quality are the most important " beacons" for foraging. [217] [218] Hummingbirds depend little on visual cues of flower color to beacon to nectar-rich locations, but rather they use surrounding landmarks to find the nectar reward. [219] [220] [221]Hummingbirds split from other members of Apodiformes, the insectivorous swifts (family Apodidae) and treeswifts (family Hemiprocnidae), about 42 million years ago, probably in Eurasia. [8] Despite their current New World distribution, the earliest species of hummingbird occurred in the early Oligocene ( Rupelian about 34–28 million years ago) of Europe, belonging to the genus Eurotrochilus, having similar morphology to modern hummingbirds. [9] [40] [41] Phylogeny [ edit ] Moisset, Beatriz (2022). "Hummingbird moth (Hemaris spp.)". Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 2 August 2022.